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Motor Development Flashcards

1
Q

Example of Reflex to Cortical?

A

ATNR–>volitional movements

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2
Q

Define a neonate

A

Neonate = full term infant; classified as first 28 days (1 month) after birth

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3
Q

Physiologic flexion

A

Dominates in neonates. Gradually disappears in 1st month of life for those w/o neurological impairments

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4
Q

Describe positions of extremities w/ prone lying

A

Head Position: turned to side, Upper Extremities: flexed elbows and adducted shoulders, Hip: flexed, Pelvis: anterior tilt

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5
Q

Describe positions of extremities w/ prone on elbows

A

Head: ATNR is diminishing, midline cervical extensors used, cervical flexors are developing;
Hips: Abducted and ER;
Knees slightly flexed;
Upper extremities: elongation and scapular stability

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6
Q

Name UE/core muscles that become active w/ prone on extended arm position

A

Triceps, serratus, trunk extensors; Baby now able to roll over and reach easier

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7
Q

Significance of pivot prone position:

A

Signifies scapular and pelvic stability that can alternate

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8
Q

Name three areas of stability achieved w/ quadruped position

A

Requires hip joint stability, scapular stability, and trunk stability

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9
Q

Timeframes of crawling and creeping

A 
Crawling = 3-9 months
Creeping = 6-7 months
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10
Q

Head lag

A

No head lag at birth; when physiological flexion disappears, head lag appears (after 1 month)

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11
Q

Hands to knees and feet/ feet to mouth is achieved when? and name significance of this.

A

achieved at 5 months.
Development of body scheme.
Feet to mouth: Sucking & rooting reflex integrated, allow for oral exploration/learning.

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12
Q

Example of Generalized/total to local

A

All UE in wide sweep–>control of individual joints

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13
Q

Example of Head to toe

A

Cephalocaudal: Head, upper trunk, UE develop control before lower trunk and LE

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14
Q

Example of Medial to Lateral Development

A

Ulnar grip–>radial (thumb and pointer)

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15
Q

Example of Gross to Fine

A

hold bottle–>pick up small objects

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16
Q

What are the 4 major types of milestones

A
  1. Motor: gross and fine
  2. Sensory: 5 senses
  3. Feeding: liquids and solids
  4. Communication: verbal
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17
Q

If a baby is over stimulated, what happens?

A

Baby diverts their gaze

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18
Q

What are 3 goals of motor development?

A
  1. Control of body against gravity
  2. Maintain body’s COM within BoS
  3. Intersegmental and intersegmental isolated movements
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19
Q

Difference between Intrasegmental and Intersegmental

A

Intrasegmental: elbow joint moving separate from wrist and sholder
Intersegmental: moving head without moving extremities

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20
Q

What is the neonate position?

A

Dominated by physiologic flexion

Gradually disappears in first month in full term babies w/o neurologic impairments

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21
Q

What is the prone progression during birth to 5 or 6 months

A

Prone Lying and Prone on Elbows

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22
Q

During Prone Lying, What is: Head position, UE, Hip, Pelvis?

A

Head Position: Turned to one side to breath and feed
UE: shoulder ADducted to side w/ elbow caudal to shoulders
Hip: flexion
Pelvis: anterior tilt

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23
Q

What is the head righting reaction?

A

AKA Labyrinthine righting reactions; when body is tilted in space, the head attempts to achieve horizontal mouth position

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24
Q

What is the tilting reaction?

A

the body reacts to change in position when the SURFACE moves

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25
What is the equilibrium reaction?
react to perturbations at the body level; the surface does not move
26
What is the protective response?
Able to put out hand or foot when COM is pushed outside of the BOS
27
nonsegmental rolling occurs at... and continues through..
3 months | 0-6 months
28
nonsegmental rolling
- Body follows position of the head/neck position (neck righting reaction) - Body moves as a unit
29
segmental rolling
- Rotation within the spine (intra-axial) | - Body moves in separate segments (body righting reaction)
30
segmental rolling occurs at..
6 months
31
prone to supine
5 months
32
supine to prone
6 months
33
supported sitting spine & pelvic positions
spine: complete C curve Pelvis: perpendicular to the surface on which he sits
34
Sacral sitting observed in supported sitting may indicate
pathology
35
Propped sitting occurs at..
5 months
36
Diminished hand grasp reflex in propped sitting allows for . . . .
child to open hands to be placed on floor in front of them for support
37
Ring sitting occurs at..
6 months
38
Ring Sitting UE & LE position
UE: activated rhomboids in high guard to increase midline stability in trunk LE: hip flexion & ER, knee flexion
39
What developmental milestone has taken place with half-ring sitting?
dissociation of LE movement
40
What additional movement does half ring sitting promote?
lateral weight shifting (allowed by narrowing of BOS mediolaterally)
41
Long sitting occurs at..
8 months
42
Side Sitting prepares the child for..
quadruped/crawling
43
How is the body positioned in side sitting?
intra-axial rotation/dissociation, weight shifting, and elongation of trunk
44
absence of automatic stepping
ABASIA
45
When is ABASIA absent?
2 months
46
loss of WB through LEs (not all babies experience)
ASTASIA
47
When does ASTASIA disappear?
3-4 months
48
pull to stand occurs at..
7-8 months
49
Independent standing occurs at..
10 months
50
LE features of pull to stand
hip flexion, ER & mod abduction; pronated feet . knee flexion
51
What does achievement of independent standing indicate?
eccentric control for lowering has developed
52
LE posture for independent standing
``` tall kneeling (wide BOS) & half kneeling ; hip extension & knee flexion against gravity ```
53
Cruising occurs at..
10+ months
54
LE posture of cruising
hip flexion & knee flexion, AP posture has improved
55
What is strengthened during cruising activities?
hip add/abd & ankle evertors/invertors
56
What must occur before independent bipedal locomotion can take place?
Plantar grasp reflex must disappear
57
Independent Bipedal Locomotion posture/gait
narrow BOS, good posture, neutral pron/sup feet, heel strike, push off & rec
58
Walking appears when? UE position?
10-15 months; high--> low guard
59
High guard positioning/ purpose
arms held up in attempt to increase stability by add scapulae
60
Low guard positioning
elbows: still flexed hands: just above waist fingers: pointed upwards shoulders: adducted
61
Independent walking LE positioning
``` Poor vertical alignment Plantar fat pad abd & ER hips no heel strike initially feet in pronation ```
62
plantar fat pad disappears at..
2 years
63
gait parameters ages 1-3
- Increased step length, stride length, velocity, single leg stance time - hip abd--> hip add (shoulder width) - genu varus (birth)--> 12 degrees valgus (3 y) - increased cadence (less stability)--> decreased cadence
64
True run
both feet off ground at same time
65
What age does running develop?
3-4 years
66
Typical rise of a step
7-8 inches
67
At 15 months, climbing one step is equivalent to an adult attempting..
a knee high step.
68
One foot to each step by
3 years
69
When does visually directed reaching occur?
3-5 months
70
Start playing with feet?
5 months
71
What occurs from birth to 2 months?
Visual regard
72
Ulnar fingers predominate grasp at what age?
5 to 7 months
73
Forefinger dominance occurs?
10 to 11 months
74
When does pressure through fingers become graded?
12 months
75
Scribbling on paper occurs?
15-18 months
76
Begins building a tower?
3 cubes: 18 months | 8 cubes: 30 months
77
When do they begin turning pages of a book?
2 or 3 at a time: 21 months | Single page: 24 months
78
Advanced motor skills
Stands tandem: 2 yrs; walk straight line: 3 yrs; walking in circle: 4 yrs; balance on one foot: 5 yrs; walk backwards: 18 months; jump from one step: 2 yrs; jump up bilat feet: 28 months; hops 3x: 3 yrs; hops 8-10x same foot: 5 yrs; gallops: 4 yrs; skips: 6 yrs; uses hand and body to catch ball: 3 yrs; hands only catch: 5 yrs; kick ball/throw ball: 2-3 yrs; fast walk: 18 months; True run with nonsupport phase: 2-3 yrs

Pediatrics (13 decks)

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