Dr. Idung

Question 1

The most important nutrients in nutritional anemia are ____, _____ & _____

Answer 1

Iron, Folate, Vitamin B12

Question 2

Anemia is considered to be early manifestation of nutritional deficiency, T/F

Answer 2

FALSE

Question 3

The commonest causes of nutritional anemias are ______ & _____

Answer 3

The commonest causes are nutritional deficiencies and chronic infections with parasites and malaria

Question 4

The major adaptations to anemia are in ______ system

Answer 4

Cardiovascular

Question 5

The symptom of anemia depends on _____ & ____

Answer 5

the acuteness of onset and he severity of the anaemia

Question 6

Lists the non-specific symptoms related to tissue hypoxia (hint: 4)

Answer 6

(1) Tiredness
(2) Lassitude
(3) Exertional dyspnoea
(4) Headache

Question 7

Severe anemia can result in anemia & exudate in optics, T/F?

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Clinical features of anemia due to Iron deficiency (hint: 6)

Answer 8

1. Smooth shining tongue (Actual soreness of the tongue is uncommon in IDA but common in pernicious anaemia)
2. Angular stomatitis (R/O poor fitting dentures)
3. Spoon nail (Koilonychia)
4. Occasionally (Plummer Vinson syndrome of glossitis/dysphasia produced by post cricoids web).
5. Pruiritus
6. Abnormal food fads (pica)

Question 9

The usual oral dose for the treatment of IDA contains _____mg of elemental iron

Answer 9

The usual dose is 100-200mg of elemental iron daily e.g. ferrous sulphate 325mg. three times daily

Question 10

Differential diagnosis of IDA (mention at least 3)

Answer 10

Lead poisoning, Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic inflammation

Question 11

In children, IDA oral dose treatment is _____

Answer 11

Dose of ferrous iron-preparation should be 6mg/kg per day of elemental iron divided into 3 doses

Question 12

Duration for iron stores to be replenished via oral iron intake

Answer 12

At least for 6 months

Question 13

Indications for blood transfusion in IDA

Answer 13

Should only be used for severe iron deficiency (<4.0g/l) when associated with heart failure or prior to urgent surgery

Question 14

Vitamin B12 is found exclusively in _____ tissue

Answer 14

Animal

Question 15

The most striking feature of Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is ______

Answer 15

peripheral neuropathy affecting the lower limbs most frequently.

Question 16

Treatment of Vit B12 deficiency anemia

Answer 16

1000ug/day for the first week then 1000kg weekly until haematologic values normalize or for at least 6 months if neurologic complications exists, then 1000ug monthly for life

Question 17

A confirmed vitamin B12 deficiency patient should be placed on vit B12 for life, T/F

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

There is presence of neurological deficit in folate deficiency, T/F?

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

Treatment of folate deficiency

Answer 19

Administration of FA-1mg/day

Question 20

What is the treatment of the nutritional cause sideroblastic anemia

Answer 20

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

Question 21

Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant, T/F?

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Chronic Vitamin A can cause macrocytic anemia, T/F

Answer 22

FALSE

Chronic vitamin A toxicity cause a microcytic anaemia and leucopenia

Question 23

Mention lifestyle diseases (hint: 6)

Answer 23

Obesity
Neoplasm
Hypertension
Dyslipidaemias
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Osteoarthritis

Question 24

Primary prevention & treatment of many lifestyle diseases is via _________

Answer 24

Exercise

Question 25

The recommended minutes of exercise per week -for moderate-intensity= -for vigorous-intensity=

Answer 25

at least 150min at least 75min

Question 26

What's the recommended number of servings of fruit & vegetable per day

Answer 26

5

Question 27

Moderate alcohol intake is defined as consumption of _____units per day in men and _____units per day in women

Answer 27

3-4 units in men 2-3units in women

Question 28

A unit of alcohol is equivalent to ___grams

Answer 28

8g

Question 29

Obesity is diagnosed when BMI is _____

Answer 29

30kg/m^2

Question 30

The chief determinants of energy imbalance are lifestyle factors, T/F

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

Individual total energy requirement depends on ______, ______ & _______

Answer 31

1. the basal metabolic rate (BMR), 2. thermic effects of food, and 3. energy needed for the days physical activity(ies) needed

Question 32

The incidence of overweight increases steadily after the age of ____ until the _____decade of life

Answer 32

20 until the 6th decade of life

Question 33

Obesity can be seen in all ages, T/F

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

Obesity results from the interaction of ______, _____ & _______

Answer 34

Genetic makeup, Environment, & Lifestyle

Question 35

Men are more likely to be obese, T/F

Answer 35

FALSE

Question 36

Men are more likely to be overweight, T/F

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

BMI does not reflect distribution of body fat, T/F

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

Calculation of BMI is not an effective estimation of risk in what subgroups (hint: 4)

Answer 38

1. children and adolescents 2. Individuals who are < 4 ft tall, or > 7 feet tall 3. Competitive athletes and body builders 4. Pregnant women

Question 39

WHO categorization of obesity (underweight, healthy weight, Obesity I, Obesity II, Obesity III)

Question 40

Risk factors for obesity (hint: 3)

Answer 40

1. Family history of obesity 2. Diet-high caloric, low fruits and vegetables, snack foods and fast –food consumption 3. Low levels of physical activity

Question 41

Structural social support has a direct effect on health, T/F

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

Functional or perceived social support directly affects health by buffering stress, T/F

Answer 42

FALSE It indirectly

Question 43

Mention the forms of social support

Answer 43

Emotional Esteem Tangible or Instrumental Information Network

Question 44

Social support influences health through two pathways namely

Answer 44

1. Buffering of Stress 2. The main effect hypothesis

Question 45

People with more social support have a lower susceptibility to the common cold, T/F

Answer 45

TRUE