Dr irwin

Question 1

Heirarchy of social support

Answer 1

1. social integration
2. support network
3. supportive climates
4. enacted/received support
5. perceived support

gets more specific as you go down

Question 2

social integration

Answer 2

involvement with family and friends

Question 3

support network

Answer 3

specific pool of people you turn to for help

Question 4

supportive climates

Answer 4

cohesiveness

Question 5

enacted/received support

Answer 5

giving and receiving support

Question 6

perceived support

Answer 6

perception is not always synonymous with support recieved

Question 7

types of social support

Answer 7

1. instrumental
2. emotional
3. informational support
4. companionship support
5. validation

Question 8

instrumental support

Answer 8

providing assistance to help someone meet PA

Question 9

emotional support

Answer 9

empathetic, encouragement

Question 10

informational support

Answer 10

giving info on how to be physically active, giving feedback

Question 11

companionship support

Answer 11

a person exercises with you could be family or friend

Question 12

validation

Answer 12

compare oneself to another for reassurance of normalcy

Question 13

behavioral aspect of good leader

Answer 13

the ability to instruct with the proper technical execuation, stay focused and be energetic

Question 14

communicative aspect of a good leader

Answer 14

class leaders should possess the ability to express themselves clearly and listen to class members

Question 15

motivational aspect of a good leader

Answer 15

leaders should have the ability to motivate and use group process

Question 16

3 important things regarding group dynamics

Answer 16

1. the forces that bind members to their groups
2. critical parameters of leadership
3. impact of group structure

Question 17

2 ways groups can be cohesive

Answer 17

socially

task

Question 18

carron, widmeyer, brawley (1988))

Answer 18

cohesion and adherence

results: adherers had higher perceptions of ATGT and ATGS

Question 19

spink and carron (1992)

Answer 19

• Individual Attractions to Group Task and Individual Attractions to Group Social were negatively related with absenteeism
• Individual Attractions to Group Task accounted for the greatest difference between those participants who were never late and those who were late four or more times.

Question 20

spink and carron second study

Answer 20

there were lower perceptions of cohesion, as manifested in ATGT scores, in dropouts compared to aderers

Question 21

possible explanation for group cohesion and adherence relationship

Answer 21

group process and individual mechanisms

Question 22

John Bowlby

Answer 22

attachment theory

• humans have basic need for affection
• left unsatisfied an individuals ability to initiate and maintain healthy social relationships is impaired
• lack of social relationships is a risk factor for poor health

Question 23

Emilie durkheim

Answer 23

social patterning of suicide (non-random)

- suicide is influenced by one’s level of social integration

Question 24

social integration

Answer 24

the extent to which one is embedded in a social network

Question 25

social network

Answer 25

the web of social ties that surround an individual and the characteristics of those ties

Question 26

properties of social networks 2 main characteristics

Answer 26

structure and function

Question 27

structure

Answer 27

``` # of ties types of ties frequency of contact ```

Question 28

function

Answer 28

the content of or what flows between social ties (ex: social support)

Question 29

why is structure important?

Answer 29

certain structures allow for certain properties to emerge | ex: bucket brigade (the ability to efficiently transport buckets of water emerges from the structure of the network

Question 30

2 types of structures

Answer 30

artificial | natural

Question 31

social integration is a function of ...

Answer 31

of social ties and frequency of contact

Question 32

Why is social integration related to health behavior?

Answer 32

1. functional explanation: some aspects of social network function account for physical activity 2. psychological explanation: satisfies innate need to belong - increases motivation to be healthy

Question 33

social isolation:

Answer 33

the relative absence of social relationships

Question 34

social integration

Answer 34

overall level of involvement with informal and formal relationship (how integrated you are in the social network)

Question 35

quality of relationships

Answer 35

positive and negative

Question 36

social networks

Answer 36

the web of social ties surrounding an individual

Question 37

Alemeda county study

Answer 37

- 6000 adults living in Cali community. - examined relationship between social networks and mortality risk over a 9 year period - Results: those who lack social ties were about 2-3 times as likely to die in a nine year follow up period as people who had many contacts

Question 38

4 domains in alameda study?`

Answer 38

1. marital status 2. contacts with friends and relatives 3. religious affiliation and membership 4. membership in voluntary organization

Question 39

Christakis and fowler

Answer 39

- obesity in social networks - main finding : clustering of obesity - if your friend becomes obese your chances of becoming obese increases by 57% in the same time period

Question 40

homophily

Answer 40

the tendency for people to associate with people similar to them (birds of a feather flock together)

Question 41

confounds

Answer 41

people share the same environment which influences their health (low access to healthy foods, low aceces to safe PA places)

Question 42

induction

Answer 42

a change in one person causes a change in another person (obesity)

Question 43

who is the most influential?

Answer 43

mutual friendship

Question 44

how can public health maximize the positive impacts of social relationships on heatlh?

Answer 44

policy

Question 45

gender patterns of social ties

Answer 45

women tend to have larger confidant networks than men men tend to benefit more in terms of health from marriage than do women

Question 46

race patters of social ties

Answer 46

- whites tend to have larger confidant networks than blacks - blacks are less likely to be married than whites - African americans may experience more marital strain and receive fewer economic gains from marriage than whites

Question 47

education patterns of social ties

Answer 47

better educated adults tend to have larger confidant networks than less educated adults and experience less relationship stress -have more diverse networks (linked to immune system functioning)

Question 48

Social determinants of health

Answer 48

Social determinants of health are “the structural determinants and conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.