Drawing Questions L8-10

Question 1

Draw a diagram showing the main compartments of the head and neck. Label the cranial cavity, the orbits, the auditory canals, the nasal cavities, and the oral cavity.

Answer 1

Include labels for: Cranial cavity (brain), two orbits (eyes), two auditory canals (ears), two nasal cavities (nose), and one oral cavity (mouth).

Question 2

Draw a simple cross‐section of a blood vessel. Label its three layers.

Answer 2

Label the tunica intima (endothelium, basal lamina, thin connective tissue), tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibers), and tunica adventitia (collagen, elastic fibers, fibroblasts, nerves).

Question 3

Draw a close-up diagram of an arterial wall. Show and label the endothelium, basal lamina, smooth muscle, and internal elastic lamina.

Answer 3

Label: Endothelium, Basal lamina, Smooth muscle (tunica media), and Internal elastic lamina.

Question 4

Sketch a side-by-side comparison of an elastic artery and a muscular artery. Label the key differences in their tunica media.

Answer 4

Elastic artery: rich in elastic fibers; Muscular artery: predominately smooth muscle in the media.

Question 5

Draw a diagram of an arteriole. Indicate its approximate diameter range and label the few smooth muscle layers.

Answer 5

Indicate a diameter of 30–200 µm with 1–2 layers of smooth muscle, thin tunica adventitia, and a continuous endothelium.

Question 6

Draw a comparison diagram of an arteriole and a small venule. Highlight differences in lumen size and wall structure.

Answer 6

Show an arteriole with a small lumen and smooth muscle, versus a venule with a larger, irregular lumen and a thinner wall.

Question 7

Sketch a diagram of a capillary. Label the single layer of endothelial cells and note its role in exchange.

Answer 7

Label: Single layer of endothelium; note diffusion of gases, nutrients, and waste.

Question 8

Draw a cross‐section of a vein. Label the thin tunica media, thick tunica adventitia, and indicate where valves may be located.

Answer 8

Label: Tunica intima (thin endothelium), thin tunica media, thick tunica adventitia; add a valve if applicable.

Question 9

Sketch a diagram of a venule, indicating its typical diameter range.

Answer 9

Label as a small venous vessel with a diameter of 10–50 µm, with a single endothelial layer and connective tissue.

Question 10

Draw side‐by‐side diagrams comparing the wall structure of an artery and a vein.

Answer 10

Artery: thick media, small lumen, prominent elastic fibers; Vein: thin media, large irregular lumen, possible valves, and thick adventitia.

Question 11

Draw a diagram of the nasal cavity in a lateral or sagittal view. Label the superior, middle, and inferior conchae and the corresponding meatuses.

Answer 11

Include labels for: Superior concha, Middle concha, Inferior concha; and Superior, Middle, and Inferior meatuses.

Question 12

Sketch a sagittal section of the nasal cavity. Label the nostrils, the choanae, the nasal septum, the roof, and the floor.

Answer 12

Label: Nostrils (anterior openings), choanae (posterior openings), nasal septum, roof (formed by nasal, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones), and floor (maxilla, palatine bone).

Question 13

Draw a diagram of the paranasal sinuses. Label the frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses, and illustrate their drainage pathways into the nasal cavity.

Answer 13

Label each sinus and add arrows showing drainage: Frontal → middle meatus, Ethmoidal → superior/middle meatus, Sphenoidal → sphenoethmoidal recess, Maxillary → middle meatus.

Question 14

Draw a diagram of the oral cavity. Label the dental arches, the oral vestibule, and the oral cavity proper.

Answer 14

Label: Dental arches (maxilla & mandible), Oral vestibule (between lips/cheeks and teeth), Oral cavity proper (inside the arches).

Question 15

Sketch a diagram of the tongue. Label the anterior two-thirds, posterior one-third, and the sulcus terminalis dividing these regions.

Answer 15

Label: Anterior two-thirds (oral part), Posterior one-third (pharyngeal part), and the Sulcus terminalis (dividing line).

Question 16

Draw a diagram showing the three parts of the pharynx. Label the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Answer 16

Label each region with boundaries: Nasopharynx (behind nasal cavity), Oropharynx (behind oral cavity), Laryngopharynx (adjacent to larynx and leading to the esophagus).

Question 17

Draw an anterior view of the heart. Label the four chambers (right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle) and the major great vessels (aorta, pulmonary trunk, SVC, IVC).

Answer 17

Diagram should include: Right atrium, Right ventricle, Left atrium, Left ventricle; Aorta, Pulmonary trunk, Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava.

Question 18

Sketch an external view of the heart (anterior and posterior views). Label landmarks such as the atrioventricular sulci, interventricular grooves, and auricles.

Answer 18

Label: AV sulcus, interventricular grooves, right and left auricles, apex, and great vessel origins.

Question 19

Draw an internal diagram of the right atrium. Label the musculi pectinati, crista terminalis, and openings for the SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus.

Answer 19

Label the muscular ridges (pectinati), the crista terminalis, and the entries of the superior/inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.

Question 20

Draw the internal structure of the right ventricle. Label the tricuspid valve, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and trabeculae carneae.

Answer 20

Include labels for: Tricuspid valve, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, trabeculae carneae; and show the pathway to the pulmonary trunk.

Question 21

Sketch an internal diagram of the left atrium. Label its smooth wall, the auricle, and the openings of the pulmonary veins.

Answer 21

Label: Left atrium smooth wall, auricle, and the four pulmonary vein entries.

Question 22

Draw an internal diagram of the left ventricle. Label the mitral (bicuspid) valve, its chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles.

Answer 22

Label: Mitral valve, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and the ventricular cavity.

Question 23

Draw the semilunar valves. Create simple diagrams of the aortic and pulmonary valves, each with three cusps.

Answer 23

Sketch two valves; label one as aortic semilunar valve (three cusps) and the other as pulmonary semilunar valve (three cusps).

Question 24

Illustrate the cardiac cycle with a diagram. Show the phases of diastole and systole, and indicate when valves open and close.

Answer 24

Indicate: Ventricular filling (diastole), atrial contraction, ventricular systole, and valve movements (AV valves closing; semilunar valves opening).

Question 25

Draw a diagram illustrating the heart as a double pump. Separately depict the right heart (pumping to the lungs) and the left heart (pumping to the body).

Answer 25

Label: Right atrium/ventricle → Pulmonary circulation; Left atrium/ventricle → Systemic circulation.

Question 26

Sketch a diagram of coronary circulation on the heart. Label the left and right coronary arteries and their major branches, as well as the coronary sinus.

Answer 26

Label: Left coronary artery (and its branches), Right coronary artery, and the coronary sinus draining into the right atrium.

Question 27

Draw a diagram displaying the position of the heart within the mediastinum. Include the lungs, trachea, and esophagus.

Answer 27

Label: Heart in the middle mediastinum, with lungs laterally, trachea anteriorly, and esophagus posteriorly.

Question 28

Draw a diagram illustrating the structure of the pericardium. Distinguish between the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium (parietal and visceral layers).

Answer 28

Label: Fibrous pericardium, Parietal serous pericardium, and Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium).

Question 29

Sketch a comparative diagram showing the differences between an artery and a vein. Highlight differences in wall structure, lumen size, and valves.

Answer 29

Artery: thick media, small lumen, prominent elastic fibers. Vein: thin wall, large irregular lumen, and valves (if present).

Question 30

Draw a simplified histological diagram of a blood vessel. Label the endothelial cells, basal lamina, smooth muscle layer, and the connective tissue of the adventitia.

Answer 30

Label: Endothelium, Basal lamina, Tunica media (smooth muscle), and Tunica adventitia (connective tissue).