drrr Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is a disaster?
A sudden and catastrophic event that causes significant harm, damage, or destruction to life, property, or the environment.
What are examples of natural disasters?
- Earthquakes
- Floods
- Hurricanes
What are examples of human-made disasters?
- Industrial accidents
- Wars
- Pollution
What does risk refer to?
The chance of something bad happening.
Define disaster risk.
The potential for loss of life, injury, or damage to property, livelihoods, and the environment due to a hazardous event.
What is the difference between disaster and disaster risk?
- DISASTER: The actual event that has already occurred
- DISASTER RISK: The possibility or likelihood of a disaster happening in the future
List the four effects of disasters.
- People
- Infrastructure
- Environment
- Economy
What is a hazard?
Anything that has the potential to cause harm, injury, damage, or adverse effects to people, property, or the environment.
What are the types of hazards?
- Physical Hazards
- Chemical Hazards
- Biological Hazards
- Environmental Hazards
- Psychosocial Hazards
What is vulnerability?
The degree to which individuals, communities, systems, or assets are at risk of harm or damage when exposed to a hazard.
What are the three main elements of vulnerability?
- Physical Elements
- Socioeconomic Elements
- Environmental Elements
What does magnitude measure?
The measure of an earthquake’s energy release.
What does frequency refer to in the context of hazards?
The number of times a hazard occurs in an area.
What is ground shaking?
Occurs as a result of seismic waves traveling through the different layers of the Earth.
Define ground rupture.
Occurs when geological movement happens on a fault line and breaks through to the surface.
What is liquefaction?
Occurs when seismic shaking triggers the mixing of loose materials with groundwater or soil saturated with water.
What is earthquake-induced ground subsidence?
The lowering of land due to various causes, where crustal movement can be going up, down, or sideways.
What does tsunami mean in Japanese?
Harbor wave.
What causes volcanic eruptions?
The movement and release of molten rock (magma) from beneath the Earth’s crust.
What triggers a volcanic eruption?
When the pressure becomes too great, forcing magma through cracks or vents in the Earth’s crust.
What is a lahar?
A combination of debris or mud mixed with volcanic materials that flows down from a volcano.
What is ashfall?
Composed of bits and pieces of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass generated from a volcanic eruption.
What is a lava flow?
Streams of molten rock that erupt from a volcano and move across the ground.
Define pyroclastic flow.
A fast-moving, extremely hot mixture of volcanic gases, ash, and rock fragments that travels down the slopes.
