genbio

Question 1

What type of cells are animal cells?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 2

How do animal cells differ from plant cells?

Answer 2

They do not contain cell walls and chloroplasts

Question 3

What is the primary role of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

To protect the cell and control the entry and exit of nutrients and other microscopic entities

Question 4

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 4

DNA and other genetic materials

Question 5

What is another term for the nuclear membrane?

Answer 5

Nuclear envelope

Question 6

What is a centrosome?

Answer 6

A small organelle found near the nucleus

Question 7

What are lysosomes?

Answer 7

Round organelles surrounded by a membrane comprising digestive enzymes

Question 8

What does cytoplasm contain?

Answer 8

All the cell organelles

Question 9

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 9

A flat, smooth layered, sac-like organelle located near the nucleus

Question 10

What are mitochondria known as?

Answer 10

The powerhouse of a cell

Question 11

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 11

They are the sites of protein synthesis

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The _______ is composed of a thin, winding network of membranous sacs originating from the nucleus.

Answer 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 13

What is a vacuole?

Answer 13

A membrane-bound organelle involved in maintaining shape and storing water, food, wastes, etc.

Question 14

What are plant cells characterized as?

Answer 14

Eukaryotic cells that vary from other eukaryotic organisms

Question 15

What is the composition of the cell wall?

Answer 15

Polysaccharides cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose

Question 16

What is the role of the nucleolus?

Answer 16

It manufactures cells’ protein-producing structures and ribosomes

Question 17

What do plastids contain?

Answer 17

Their own DNA

Question 18

What percentage of a mature plant cell’s volume does the central vacuole occupy?

Answer 18

Around 30%

Question 19

What do Golgi apparatuses do?

Answer 19

Distribute synthesized macromolecules to various parts of the cell

Question 20

What are lysosomes often referred to as?

Answer 20

Suicidal bags

Question 21

What is cell modification?

Answer 21

Specialized modifications acquired by the cell after cell division that aid in beneficial functions

Question 22

What are cilia?

Answer 22

Short hairlike structures that move in waves

Question 23

What are flagella?

Answer 23

Long whiplike structures formed from microtubules

Question 24

What do villi do?

Answer 24

Increase surface area

Question 25

What are pseudopods?

Answer 25

Temporary, irregular lobes formed by amoebas and some other eukaryotic cells

Question 26

What is the extracellular matrix?

Answer 26

A compound secreted by the cell on its apical surface

Question 27

What is the main ingredient of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 27

Glycoprotein

Question 28

What is a tight junction?

Answer 28

A barrier that regulates the movement of intercellular space of water and prevents leakage of ECF

Question 29

What is an adhering junction?

Answer 29

An anchoring junction on the lateral surface of the cell that fastens cells to one another

Question 30

What is a gap junction?

Answer 30

A communicating junction with closable channels that connect the cytoplasm

Question 31

What is interphase?

Answer 31

The phase when the cell grows, comprising 93% of a cell's life

Question 32

What are the three parts of interphase?

Answer 32

* Growth 1 (G1) * Synthesis (S) * Growth 2 (G2)

Question 33

What occurs during mitosis?

Answer 33

The cell nucleus divides into two identical cell nuclei

Question 34

What are chromosomes?

Answer 34

Structures of tightly packaged DNA that must duplicate and separate during mitosis

Question 35

Where do the centromeres line up during mitosis?

Answer 35

At the metaphase plate

Question 36

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 36

Spindle fibers pull the chromatids apart

Question 37

What occurs during telophase?

Answer 37

Chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell and spindle fibers break up

Question 38

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 38

The process where two identical cells completely divide and the cell membrane is formed

Question 39

What is meiosis?

Answer 39

The process of cell division in which gametes are formed and the number of chromosomes is halved

Question 40

Fill in the blank: A cell with two of each kind of chromosome is called _______.

Answer 40

Diploid (2n)

Question 41

Fill in the blank: A cell with one of each kind of chromosome is called _______.

Answer 41

Haploid (n)

Question 42

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 42

Paired chromosomes with genes for the same trait arranged in the same order