DRRR|SUMMATIVE 2 Flashcards
A natural disaster can bring about many devastating effects.
Among these are deaths, destruction of infrastructures, loss of livelihood and services, and other physical and nonphysical effects. Since we are partly responsible for the disasters happening around us, we must change some of our ways, in order to prevent or minimize the effects of disasters in our lives.
EFFECT ON ONE’S LIFE
The Human Effect Of Natural And Man-Made Disasters
Displaced Populations
Health Risks
Food Scarcity
Emotional Aftershocks
Emotional Aftershocks(3)
For Adults
For Children
For Teens
Population displacement is one of the most immediate effects of natural disasters.
When a certain country is ravaged by earthquakes and other powerful forces of nature, many people have to leave/evacuate their homes and seek shelter in other place.
A big influx of refugees can disrupt everything from accessibility of health care and education to food supplies, clean water, and basic hygiene. Bigger evacuation centers are common for all natural disasters, and only those who are fortunate enough will survive and face a range of challenges following disasters widespread.
DISPLACED POPULATIONS
Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disasters present, the secondary effect can be just as damaging.
Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
Without emergency relief from international aid organizations and others, death tolls can rise even after the immediate danger has passed.
HEALTH RISKS
The aftermath of natural disasters affects the food supplies.
Thousands of people around the world are hungry because of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought.
As a result, food prices rise, reducing families’ purchasing power and increasing the risk of severe malnutrition or worse.
The lives and health of the following potentially vulnerable groups are at risk:
young children, pregnant and nursing women, unaccompanied children, widows, elderly people without family support, disabled persons
the poor or marginalized people
migrants or individuals who leave or flee their habitual residence to go to new places, usually abroad to seek better and safer living
the displaced populations who leave their habitual residence in groups, usually due to a sudden impact disaster, like an earthquake, volcanic eruption or a flood, threat or community conflict, as a coping mechanism and with the intent to return
the former migrants or displaced people returning to their homes (returnees).
Household and community structures, community facilities, livelihood and economic activities, and the environment are also at risk in times of disaster.
FOOD SCARCITY
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.
Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme trauma. Left untreated, children suffering from PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage and emotional distress.
According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), before and after a disaster or crisis, it is common for the children, adults, and first responders to feel emotional distress.
Natural and human-caused disasters can have a devastating impact on people’s lives, damage to property, or the loss of a home or place of employment. Anyone who sees or experiences this can be affected in some way.
Most stress symptoms are temporary and will resolve on their own in a fairly short amount of time. However, for some people, particularly children and teens, these symptoms may last for weeks or even months and may influence their relationships with families and friends.
EMOTIONAL AFTERSHOCKS
Eating or sleeping too much or too little
Crying spells or bursts of anger
Feeling guilty, helpless, or hopeless
Losing interest in daily activities
Avoiding family and friends
Pulling away from people and things
Having low or no energy
Feeling helpless or hopeless
Having unexplained aches and pains, such as constant stomachaches or headaches
Excessive smoking, drinking, or using drugs, including prescription medications
Worrying a lot of the time; feeling guilty but not sure why
Thinking of hurting or killing yourself or someone else
Having difficulty readjusting to home or work life
FOR ADULTS
Withdrawing from playgroups and friends
Competing more for the attention of parents and teachers
Being unwilling to leave home
Being less interested in schoolwork
Becoming aggressive
Having added conflict with peers or parents
Having difficulty concentrating
Become withdrawn
Resist authority
Become disruptive or aggressive at home or in the classroom
Experiment with high-risk behaviors such as underage drinking or prescription drug misuse and abuse
FOR CHILDREN
For teens, the impact of disasters varies depending on how much of a disruption the disaster causes their family or community. Teens ages 12 to 18 are likely to have physical complaints when under stress or be less interested in schoolwork, chores, or other responsibilities.
Although some teens may compete vigorously for attention from parents and teachers after a disaster, they also may:
Become withdrawn
Resist authority
Become disruptive or aggressive at home or in the classroom
Experiment with high-risk behaviors such as underage drinking or prescription drug misuse and abuse
FOR TEENS
Great damage caused by a disaster can be reduced if everyone will take responsibility in anticipating its effects. Here are some ways on how to plan ahead of a disaster: (7)
- Check for hazards at home.
- Identify safe place indoors and outdoors
- Educate yourself and family members
- Have Disaster kits/supplies on hand.
- Develop an emergency communication plan.
- Help your community get ready.
- Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle
Areas/Locations Exposed To Hazards(4)
Flood Plains Or Flood-Prone Areas
Landslide-Prone Areas
Areas With Armed Conflicts
Fault Line Areas
When there is a heavy or continuous rainfall exceeding the absorptive capacity of soil and the flow capacity of rivers, streams, and coastal areas, flooding occurs.
FLOOD PLAINS OR FLOOD-PRONE AREAS
causes a watercourse to overflow its banks onto lands adjacent to it.
In general, flood plains are lands most subject to recurring floods, located beside or adjacent to rivers and streams.
Flooding
is the large area of flat land on either side of a river that is sometimes covered with water when the river becomes too full
These are the “flood-prone”area and are very hazardous to development activities if the acceptable level of vulnerabilities exceeds.
Flood plain
Landslides occur when the stability of the slope changes from a stable to an unstable condition.
A change in the stability of a slope can be caused by a number of factors, acting together or alone.
LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS
Natural causes of landslides include:
- groundwater (pore water) pressure acting to destabilize the slope
- Loss or absence of vertical vegetative structure, soil nutrients, and soil structure (e.g. after a wildfire - a fire in forests lasting for 3–4 days)
- erosion of the toe of a slope by rivers or ocean waves
-weakening of a slope through saturation by snow melt, glaciers melting, or heavy rains - earthquakes adding loads to barely stable slope of earthquake-caused liquefaction destabilizing slopes
Landslides are aggravated by human activities, such as:
deforestation, cultivation and construction, which destabilize the already fragile slopes
vibrations from machinery or traffic due to blasting
earthwork which alters the shape of a slope, or which imposes new loads on an existing slope
in shallow soils, the removal of deep- rooted vegetation that binds colluviums to bedrock
Construction, agricultural or forestry activities (logging) which change the amount of water which infiltrates the soil.)
is a general name for loose, unconsolidated sediments that have been deposited at the base of hillslopes by either rain wash, sheetwash, slow continuous downslope creep, or a variable combination of these processes.
Colluvium (also colluvial material or colluvial soil)
The physical and psychological destruction of living creatures is the main point of the word, disaster, where human consequences, rather than the phenomenon that causes it, is at stake.
Disaster is an actual or threatened accidental or uncomfortable events that are concentrated in time, and space, in which society, or a relatively self-sufficient subdivision of society undergoes severe danger, and injuries such losses to its members and physical appurtenances that the social structure is disrupted and the fulfillment of all or some of the essential functions.
The society’s basic structure is the purpose of any terrorism disruption event. Disaster due to terrorism always leaves messages to the societies causing social disruption.
AREAS WITH ARMED CONFLICTS
The Philippine fault system runs from north to south and east to west of the archipelago.
In the Metro Manila, the biggest fault line system is the Marikina Valley Fault System or commonly called the Valley Fault System.
FAULT LINE AREAS
In the Metro Manila, the biggest fault line system is the _________________ or commonly called the Valley Fault System.
Marikina Valley Fault System
