drug bug coverage Flashcards
(43 cards)
what are natural penicillins active against
gram positive cocci (streptococci and enterococci, but NOT staphylococci) and mouth flora (gram positive anaerobes)
absolutely no gram negative activity
what are the antistaphylococcal penicillins active against
streptococci and MSSA
lacking activity against enterococcus, gram negatives, and anaerobes
what are the aminopenicillins active against
streptococcus, enterococci, gram positive anaerobes (mouth flora) plus the gram negative bacteria HNPE
aminopenicillin/beta lactamase inhibitor combination activity
added activity against HNPEK, MSSA, and gram negative anaerobes (B. fragilits)
extended spectrum penicillin/beta lactamase inhibitor activity
same as aminopenicillin/beta lactamase inhibitor but additional coverage against other gram negative bacteria including CAPES and pseudomonas
this is the only penicillin active against pseudomonas
cephalosporin general coverage as a class
as the generation increases, the gram negative activity increases
the entire class is not active against enterococcus or atypical organisms
first generation cephalosporin coverage
strep, staph– preferred for MSSA infections. has some activity against the gram negative rods PEK
second generation cephalosporin coverage
staph, strep pneumo, plus HNPEK
nuance: cefotetan and cefoxitin have added activity against gram negative anaerobes (B. fragilis)
third generation cephalosporin coverage
group 1: covers resistant streptococci, MSSA, gram positive anaerobes, and resistant strains of PEK
group 2 which is ceftazidime covers pseudomonas but lacks gram positive activity
fourth generation cephalosporin coverage
cefepime has broad gram negative activity: HNPEK, CAPES, pseudomonas, the gram positive activity is similar to ceftriaxone
ceftaroline coverage
the only beta lactam covering MRSA; gram negative activity is similar to ceftriaxone
beta lactamase inhibitor combination with cephalosporin coverage
similar to ceftazidime with added activity against MDR gram negative rods
cefiderocol coverage
PEK, enterobacter, pseudomonas
carbapenem coverage
broad spectrum generally for MDR gram negatives; active against most gram positive, gram negative (ESBL), and anaerobic pathogens: but with no coverage of atypical organisms, MRSA, VRE, C diff, or stenotrophomonas
nuances: ertapenem does not cover pseudomonas, enterococcus, or acinetobacter
aztreonam coverage
covers many gram negative pathogens including pseudomonas and CAPES; no gram positive or anerobic activity
aminoglycosides coverage
active against gram negative bacteria including pseudomonas
quinolone coverage
broad spectrum against gram positive, gram negative, and atypical organisms with some important nuances
levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are the respiratory quinolones due to their coverage of streptococcus pneumoniae and atypicals
moxifloxacin cannot be used for UTIs
delafloxacin is active against MRSA skin infections
ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin have coverage against pseudomonas
macrolide coverage
excellent coverage of atypicals (legionella, chlamydia, mycoplasma, mycobacterium avium complex) and also covers streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus, and moraxella
tetracyclines coverage
many gram positive, gram negative, atypical, and other unique pathogens like rickettsiae
bactrim activity
has activity against MRSA, activity against gram negative is broad and includes shigella, salmonella, stenotrophomonas, opportunistic pathogens like pneumocystis, toxoplasmosis. does not have activity against pseudomonas, enterococci, atypicals, or anaerobes
vancomycin coverage
only gram positive: including MRSA, streptococci, enterococci (But not VRE) and c diff (PO route)
lipoglycopeptides
similar activity to vancomycin with some nuances; only approved for SSTIs but telavancin is also approved for HAP/VAP
daptomycin
activity against most gram positive bacteria including MRSA and VRE: no activity against the gram negatives.
linezolid
similar to vancomycin (covers MRSA) but also covers VRE
