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Principles of Disease BJ > Drug Delivery > Flashcards

Drug Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics of the patient influence drug formulation?

A
  • The patients Needs
  • Their disease state
  • Their pharmacological characteristics.
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2
Q

What 5 things are to be considered when determining dosage regime?

A
  • Any renal/hepatic failure
  • The recommended doses
  • Age & weight
  • Disease
  • Drugs Toxicity
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3
Q

Where are oral meds absorbed into systemic circulation?

A

Oral meds absorped in the GI tract

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4
Q

Define a suspension:

A

Coarse drug particles in a liquid phase

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5
Q

What type of drugs are used in suspension?

A

Insoluble & unpalatable drugs

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6
Q

What type of patients would use solutoins/suspensions over tablets?

A

People with swallowing difficulties including the very young & old.

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7
Q

How are solution & suspensions delivered?

A

By naso-gastric or Peg tubes

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8
Q

What is the rate limitng step in tablet absorption?

A

The tablets break down or “dissolution”

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9
Q

What are the main advantages of tablet/capsule drugs?

A

Theyre:

  • convenient to use
  • have accurate doses
  • easily reproduceable en masse
  • high drug stability
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10
Q

Why would you use an enteric coating on a tablet?

A

Either to protect it from destructive stomach acid (Allowing it to reach the small intestine) or to protect the stomach from a toxic drug,

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11
Q

What drugs are enteric coated & why?

A

Omeprazole, to protect it from stomach acid

Aspirin to protect the stomach from it.

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12
Q

Why don’t enteric coated tablets disintegrate till they reach the small intestine?

A

They only disintegrate in higher pHs, the stomach is very acidic so theyre unchanged in it.

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13
Q

What are the advantages o prodrugs?

A

They avoid drug degradation in the gut

They also prolong duration of the action

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14
Q

What does a prolonged release formulation do?

A

Maintains the drug level within therapeutic range over a longer period.

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15
Q

How does usin prolonged release formulations improve patient compliance?

A

Prolonged release formulations need less frequent doses, increasing the odds a patient will take them all

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16
Q

In what 3 forms do prolonged release formulation geerally come?

A

Oral tablets
Intramuscular Injection
Surgical implants

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17
Q

What drugs are delivered by surgical implant?

A

Progesterone (contraception)

Testosterone

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18
Q

Why drugs are ideal for buccal/sublingual administration?

A

Those with a large pre-systemic or first pass metabolism

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19
Q

Do rectally delivered drugs treat locally or systemically?

A

Rectally delivered drugs can treat both local & systemic conditions

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20
Q

For what type of patient are rectal route drugs useful?

A

THE FRENCH!

only joking its those unable to swallow

21
Q

In what forms do rectal drugs come?

A

As creams
Liquids
Suppositories

22
Q

Do drugs delivered vaginally treat locally or systemically?

A

Vaginal route drugs treat local disease

23
Q

In what form are most vaginal route drugs?

A

Creams

24
Q

For what type of patient are IV drugs especiall useful?

A

Unconscious or comatose patients

25
Q

Why is IV good for drugs with short half-lives?

A

Allows constant infusion of them so the drug level remains within the therapeutic range.
(instant of spiking & dropping with doses)

26
Q

Are IV drugs rapid or slow release?

A

IV drugs have rapid systemic effects

27
Q

For what type of drugs is IV delivery especially useful.

A

Short half life drugs

And drugs with a narrow therapeutic index.

28
Q

what type of drus are delivered intramuscularly>

A

Insoluble drugs or those fomrualted in an oil base

29
Q

Examples of drugs given by subcutaenous injection?

A

HEparin
Insulin
Narcotic Analgesics

30
Q

How long do intramuscular injected drugs work?

A

Drugs injected intramuscularly can have sustained durations of up to months

31
Q

You cant see a patients veins but desperately need to deliver fluid what method do you use?

A

Subcutaneuous injection

32
Q

In what ways are subcutaneous injections deivered?

A

By:

  • Dermojet (needleles)
  • Solid pellet implanteed below skin
  • Pumps (e.g. insulin pump)
33
Q

Drug is delivered via an adhesive patch on the skin, what delivery method is this?

A

Transdermal delivery

34
Q

How are transdermal drugs absorbed into circulation?

A

They cross skin by percutaneous absorbtion

35
Q

What is percutaneous absorbtion?

A

Absorption of a substance through unbroken skin

36
Q

Are transdermal drugs used for local or systemic effect?

A

Transdermal drugs can be systemic or local

37
Q

Are inhalation drugs used for local or systemic efects?

A

Inhalation drugs have local effects.

Only inhaled anaesthetics are systemic.

38
Q

Why are inhalation drugs useful?

A

Drugs are delivered direct to site of action with rapid effect & no first pass metaolism.

39
Q

Why do inhaled drugs only need small doses?

A

Only around 5-10% is absorbed systemically so the dose doesnt need to account for absorbtion or metabolism.

40
Q

Are inhaled drugs more less toxic?

A

Administering drugs by inhalation actually reduced adverse effect

41
Q

Name 4 carier based systems:

A
  • Monoclonal antibodies
  • Liposomal carriers
  • Nanoparticles
  • Genetic transfer systems
42
Q

What do monoclonal antibodies do?

A

Monoclonal antibodies bind to cancer-specific antigens

Then induced immunological respones against the cancer

43
Q

What is a liposomal carrier?

A

A liposome packed with drugs, transports the trhough the blood

44
Q

How do liposomal carriers affect the drugs pharmacokinetics?

A

Drugs carried by liposomes acummulate at disease sites & have reduced distribution at senditive tissue

45
Q

Whats the main benefit of nanoparticle carriers?

A

Allow specific targeting/delivery of drugs.

46
Q

What effect do nanoparticles have on treatment?

A

The drug has reduced toxicity while maintaining therapeutic efficiency (beacue its targeted)

47
Q

What type of organisms are used as vectors for genetic transfer?

A

Viruses

48
Q

How are viruses altered for genetic tranfer systems?

A

The virus has the genes for viral replication removed and the therapeutic genes inserted.

49
Q

What does a genetic transfer system do?

A

The altered virus delivers the therapeutic gene to target cells.

Principles of Disease BJ (47 decks)

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