Drug Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases

Question 1

What are the 2 types of diuretic drugs that help with hypertension and heart failure?

Answer 1

Thiazide diuretics

e. g. Bendrofluazide
- Hypertension

Loop diuretics

e. g. Furosemide
- Heart Failure. Slide 3

Question 2

What are some side effects of diuretic drugs?

Answer 2

Tired
Arrhythmias
Hyperglycaemia in diabetes
Increase in uric acid -Gout
Slide 4

Question 3

What are the 2 types of Ca antagonists nad what are side effects?

Answer 3

Dihydropyridines
-Ankle oedema
Rate limiting Ca antagonists
-Aviod use with b blockers. Slide 7

Question 4

What are a blockers used for and what are side effects?

Answer 4

Used in hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy.

Side effect of postural hypotension. Slide 8

Question 5

What do Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors do, what are side effects of them and when should you never use it?

Answer 5

They block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II.
They cause a cough, renal dysfunction (good if kidney disease, bad if renal artery stenosis), angioneurotic oedema (v bad).
Never to be used in pregancy induced hypertension. Slide 9

Question 6

What are angiotensin receptor blockers, what are side effects and when should they never be used?

Answer 6

Block angiotensin II receptors.
They have NO cough, renal dysfunction (good if kidney disease, bad if renal artery stenosis).
Still never to be used in pregancy induced hypertension. Slide 10

Question 7

What are examples of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers?

Answer 7

ACE inhibitors 
-Lisinopril ('-pril')
Angiotensin receptor blockers
-Losartan ('-artan')
Slide 9+10

Question 8

What are nitrates used for and what do you have to be careful about when administering them?

Answer 8

Used in angina and acute heart failure.

It is easy to build tolerance so 8hr/day has to be left nitrate-free. Slide 11

Question 9

What are examples of antiplatelet agents what what can they be used for?

Answer 9

Aspirin, clopidogrelm ticagrelor, prasugrel.

Used fro angina, acute MI, TIA and patients at risk of MI. Slide 12

Question 10

What are the 4 examples of anticoagulants and what are they used for?

Answer 10

Heparin
Warfarin
Rivaroxaban
Dabigatran

Used for DVT, PE, NSTEMI and AF. Slide 13

Question 11

What type of drugs are streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activater and what is a serious side effect of them?

Answer 11

Fibriolytic drugs

Major haemorrhage risk. Slide 14

Question 12

What are two types of anticholesterol drugs and what are they used for?

Answer 12

Statins
- Diabetes, angina, TIA
Fibrates
-hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL cholesterol. Slide 15

Question 13

What are side effects of anti-arrhythmic drugs?

Answer 13

Phototoxicity
Pulmonary fibrosis
Thyroid abnormalities. Slide 16

Question 14

What are the 2 effects of digoxin?

Answer 14

Blocks AV conduction which is good in AF

However it increases ventricular irritability causing arrhythmias. Slide 18

Question 15

What are the signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity?

Answer 15

Nausea/vomiting
Yellow vision
Bradycardia, heart block
Ventricular arrhythmias.
Slide 18