Drugs Flashcards by Clara Sage

Methotrexate

Antimetabolite and antifolate drug
Treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases and ectopic pregnancy and for induction of medical abortions

Causes liver damage, ulcerative stomatitis, leukopenia (infection) and many others
Teratogenic

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Amiodarone

Class III antiarrhythmic agent (blocks potassium channels - prolongs repolarisation)
Used to treat atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
Can cause liver cirrhosis

Also causes hyperthyroidism

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Colestyramine

Bile acid sequestrant. Binds bile in GIT to prevent resorption.
Lowers plasma cholesterol (but not really used for this since statins invention)
Treat pruritis associated with liver failure and other types of cholestasis

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Ursodeoxycholic acid - ursodiol

Secondary bile acid, reduces cholesterol absorption in GIT
Break up cholesterol too

Treat bile stones and PBC (symptomatic but no effect on mortality)

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Penicillamine

Chelator
No antibiotic properties
Used as immunosuppression in RA
Chealtor in Wilson’s disease, cystinuria

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Cefotaxime

Third generation cephalosporin antibiotic
Broad-spectrum
Can be used for a wide range of infections
Crosses BBB better than ceftriaxone - for bacterial meningitis

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Tazocin

Penicillin antibiotic combined with beta-lactamase inhibitor
Mainly used in Intensive care medicine
IV administration

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Metronidazole

Antibiotic
Used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and Protozoa
Drug of choice for first episodes of Clos.difficle infection

Common adverse effects for systemic therapy: nausea, diarrhoea, weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, dizziness, metallic taste

High doses and long term treatment: leucopenia, neutropenia, increased risk of peripheral neuropathy and CNS toxicity

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Deferoxamine/desferrioxamine

Cheating agent to remove iron from body

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Naltrexone

Opioid antagonist

Used in management of alcohol dependence and opioid dependence

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Rifampicin

Antibiotic that inhibits RNA polymerase
Used for TB treatment and other mycobacterium
Also for cholestatic pruritus

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Amphetamines

CNS Stimulant

Used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

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Nalidixic acid

Historically used to treat UTIs

Can cause seizures

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Beta-interferon

Used to decrease number of relapses in RRMS

Reduces the number of inflammatory cells which cross the BBB

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Glatiramer acetate

Immunomodulator drug used to decrease number of relapses in RRMS

Exact mechanism of action is unknown

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Oxybutynin

Anticholinergic used to relieve urinary symptoms and bladder difficulties - eg in MS

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Baclofen

Muscle relaxant - treats spasticity

GABA receptor agonist

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Dantrolene sodium

Postsynaptic muscle relaxant - lessens excitation-contraction coupling by preventing calcium release from ER

Treatment for malignant hyperthermia (triggered by General anaesthetic)

Also used to treat spasticity

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Tizanidine

Muscle relaxant
A2 adrenergic agonist

Treats spasms, and tightness of muscles eg in MS, ALS and back pain

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Diazepam

Benzodiazepine - treats wide range of conditions including anxiety, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol/benzo/opiate withdrawal

Enhance effect of GABA at its receptor

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Clonazepam

Benzodiazepine - anxiolytics, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, sedative

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Natalizumab

Monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of Crohn’s and MS

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Alemtuzumab

Monoclonal antibody used to treatment leukaemia, lymphoma and MS - binds to CD52 a protein present in surface of mature lymphocytes

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Fingolimod

Immunomodulating drug for treating MS

Sequesters lymphocytes in lymph nodes therefore stopping them from contributing to an autoimmune reaction

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Cabergoline

D2 receptor agonist given in treatment of prolactinoma - preferential to bromocriptine

Metoclopramide

Dopamine receptor antagonist - used to treat nausea and vomiting and GOR

Haloperidol

Butyrophenone derivative - inhibits dopamine Antipsychotic, anti-n&v, agitations, hallucinations in alcohol withdrawal

Octreotide/lanreotide

Somatostatin analogue - suppress GH secretion

Pegvisomant

GH receptor antagonist

Cinacalcet

Increases sensitivity of PT cells to calcium therefore decreases secretion of PTH in hyperparathyroidism

Pentamidine

Anti-microbial give for prevention and treatment of PCP (seen often in HIV patients) Also used to treat West African Trypansomiasis

Quinolones

Synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics eg. Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin (lots more -floxacin) Can cause hypoglycaemia

Sulindac

NSAID | Good in cancer treatment

Didanosine

anti-viral = HIV/AIDS

Side effects of b2-agonist

Tachyarhythmia, tremor, hypokalaemia and anxiety

What drugs can't go with alcohol

Benzodiazepines and metronidazole

When no NSAIDs

Asthma | Crohn's

Itraconazole

Anti-fungal Effective at treating aspergillosis Also might be effective anti-Cancer therapy Doesn't cross BBB therefore no use in meningitis

Ofloxacin

Antibiotic used topically to treat corneal ulcer

Ivermectin

Used to treat river blindness or onchoceriasis

Goserelin

LHRH (lutenizing hormone releasing hormone) agonist used in prostate cancer

Degarelix

LHRH (lutenizing hormone releasing hormone) agonist used in prostate cancer

Dipyridamole

Inhibits PDE - therefore inhibits platelet aggregation | Given post stroke/TIA

Carbidopa

Prevents peripheral breakdown of LDOPA

Benserazide

Prevents peripheral breakdown of LDOPA

Domperidone

Dopamine antagonist given with LDOPA to prevent nausea

Selegeline and Rasagiline

MAOI inhibitor - prevent breakdown of LDOPA

Entacapone

COMT inhibitor - prevent breakdown of LDOPA

Benzhexol and Orphenadrine

Anticholinergics - management of dyskinesia

Trazodone

antipsychotic used to treat frontal symptoms in AD

Sumatriptan, emigran, naratriptan

5HT agonists - migraine treatment

Tamsulosin

Alpha blocker - relax bladder muscles and make it easier to urinate in BPH and pass renal stones Also nifidepine is given to pass renal stones

Nifedepine usees x4

Given to help pass renal stones Also given topically for anal fissures HTN treatment Raynauds syndrome

Benzylpenicilline side effects

Seizure

Chlordiazepoxide

Benzo used to treat anxiety, muscle spasm and alcohol withdrawal

Chlormethiazole

Treating and preventing alcohol withdrawal side effects - sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant

Clindamycin

Used to treat severe infections

Pain killers safe and contraindicated in pregnancy

Paracetamol is okay | NSAIDs (diclofenac and ibruprofen) not okay

Pirfenidone

Anti-fibrotic may be useful in selected IPF patients

NSAIDs overdose

Haemodialysis

Benzos overdose

Flumazenil

TCA overdose

IV bicarbonate

Lithium overdose

Saline if mild-moderate | Haemodialysis if extreme

Heparin overdose

Protamine sulphate

Beta blocker overdose

Atropine

Ethylene glycol overdose

Fomepizole now preferred to ethanol

Drugs Flashcards

(66 cards)