Drugs Flashcards
(43 cards)
1
Q
MOA
A
how the drug works in the body
2
Q
hypercholestorolemia / antihyperlipidermic
A
cholesterol-lowering
Lipitor®
3
Q
antidepressant
A
for despression
(sertraline Zoloft®)
4
Q
analgesics
A
for chronic or acute pain
(hydrocodone/acetaminophen Vicodin®)
5
Q
antacids
A
for heartburn or acid reflux
(MgOH and AlOH Maalox®)
6
Q
antianginals
A
for chest pain associated with need for oxygen
(nitroglycerin Nitrostat®)
7
Q
anticoagulents
A
to prevent blood clot formation
(warfarin Coumadin®)
8
Q
anticonvulsants
A
for seizure control
(carbamazepine Tegretol®)
9
Q
antihistamines
A
for allergies
(ceftirizine Zyrtec®)
10
Q
antihypertensive
A
to lower blood pressure
(atenolol Tenormin®)
11
Q
antibiotics
A
for infection
(amoxicillin Amoxil®)
12
Q
antineoplastics
A
for treatment of specific cancers
(doxyrubicin Adriamycin®)
13
Q
anti-inflammatory agents
A
reduces inflammation
(ibuprofen Mortin®)
14
Q
antitussives
A
for cough
(dextromethorphan lozenges)
15
Q
antivirals
A
for viral infections
(acyclovir Zovirax®)
16
Q
bronchodilators
A
for ashma
(albuterol Vintolin®)
17
Q
digestants
A
to promote digestion of food
(simethicone Mylicon®)
18
Q
diuretics
A
to increase urine output
(HCTZ Esidrex®)
19
Q
hormones
A
to replace natural endogenous organic compounds
(conjugated estrogens Premarin®)
20
Q
hypnotics and sedatives
A
to inoduce and maintain sleep
(zolpidem Ambien®)
21
Q
tranquilizers
A
reduce anxiety
(lorazepam Ativan®)
22
Q
What is penicillin?
Indication?
Mechanism of Action?
Common adverse reactions?
A
- are natural antibiotics produced from a certain species of fungus called penicillium.
- IND- used for the treament of broad or narrow spectrum of bacterial microorganisms. they can be used as a prophylactic prior to surgery (most common in oral surgery)
- MOA- works to eliminate bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial cell wall growth & cytolysis (cell wall rupture and dies)
- CAR- hypersensitivity(allergic reaction), nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, and anaphylactic shock.
23
Q
What is cephalosporins?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
A
- are semisynthetic antibiotics, resistant to ß-lactamase(advantage over penicillins). Cross-sensitivity - a patient that is allergic to penicillin has a 5% chance to be allergic to cephalosporins also. Substitute for peniciliin for patient who have a resistant bacterial infection.
- IND- used to treat broad spectrum bacterial microorganisms. Also oral surgery, neurosurgery, female reproductive system surgeries, orthopedic surgery and heart procedures
- MOA- to elimanate bacteria by inhibiting cell wall growth & cytolysis
- CAR- nausea, votting, diarrhea, and anaphylactic stock
24
Q
What is fluoroquinolones?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
A
- are synthetic antibiotics, more potent than penicillins and less likely to cause anaphylaxis, used in a wide variety of treament but a tolerance towards it is beginning to develop because it’s used so much.
- IND- used to treat broad spectrum of bacterial microorganisms (urinary tract, upper respiratory tract, ophthalmic. and bone infections)
- MOA- works to eliminate bacteria by damaging the bacterial DNA.
- CAR- nausea, vommiting, dizziness, and unpleasant taste.
25
What are **sulfonamides**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* are synthetic derivatives of *sulfanilamide *first med to be proven effective for the prevention and cure of bacterial infection). Short-acting, intermediate-acting, & long acting depending on the time it takes for these meds to be absorbed and excreted.
* IND- urinary tract infections, E.coli, and upper respiratory infections
* MOA- to eliminate bacteria by inhibiting bacterial inflammatory and immune response.
* CAR- anemia, thrombocytopenia(low platelet levels) and hypersensitivity (sulfa drugs).
26
What is **tetracyclines**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* are semisynthetic antibiotics obtained from the cultures of a bateria known as *streptomyces.* Maintain stability in acidic solutions making it a strong choice for oral administraion. Impediments= milk and antiacids.
* IND- gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (rickettsia and chlamydia)
* MOA- to eliminate bacteria by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
* CAR- nausea, vommiting, diarreha, rash, and anaphylactic stock.
27
What is **Histamine 1 Blocker**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* *Histamine*- chemical sustance in the body that protects the body from environmental factors like pollen. **histamine 1 (H1) blocker.**
* IND- used for allergic reactions caused by histamine
* MOA- H1 blockers block the effects of histamine at H1 receptor sites.
* CAR- drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, and photosensitivity
28
What is **anti-inflammatory drugs**?
treat allegies and respiratory diseases by reducing inflammation in the affected area, include steroial products.
29
What are **non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse Reactions?
* over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID)
* IND- treat allergies and respiratory conditions
* MOA- reduce swelling and inflammation caused by irritants or injury
* CAR- dryness, headache, nausea, dizziness and cough
30
What are **Non-Benzodiazepines**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* a hypnotic drug, dpress the central nervous system to reduce desire for physical activity or to produce a calming effect (commonly used to induce sedation)
* IND- to induce or maintain sleep or decrease anxiety
* MOA- acts on GABA neurotransmitter to produce a calming effect
* CAR- dizziness, drowsiness, loss of cognition, depression, and sleepwalking
31
What is **antipsychotics**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
* ***behavior disorder medications***, treat variety of mental illness, used as both acute and chronic treatment of mental conditions including phychosis or depression
* IND- used to control symptoms of psychosis and mood disorders.
* MOA- work on specific neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin
* CAR- dizziness, drowsiness, loss od cognition, depression, & extrapyramidal side effects(EPS)
32
What is **benzodiazepines**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* *behavior disorder drugs,* used in both acute and chronic situations. Becoming more common due to their safety.
* IND- used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders.
* MOA- act by potentiating the effect of the GABA neurotransmitter, calming effect
* CAR- dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and depression
33
What is **SSRI**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* **selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,** antidepressants. Considered to have the fewest and least serious side effects as compared to other antidepressants.
* IND- to treat major depressive disorders
* MOA- block the reuptake of serotonin into neuron
* CAR- confusion, sedation, blurred vision
34
What is anticonvulsants?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* goal is to regulate the discharge activity to a normal level. The targeted effect occurs a few weeks afer the intials administration.
* IND- used to stop or prevent seizures
* MOA- believed to work by influencing the GABA neurotransmitter, suppress the central nervous system
* CAR- nausea, vommiting, diarrhea, tremor, and dizzines
35
What is **narcotic analgesics**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
* **opiate agonists,** semisynthetic or derived naturally from the poppy plant. Has a high risk of abuse!
* IND- for moderate to severe pain
* MOA- alter the perception of and response to painful stimuli by stimulationf the opiate receptors in the brain
* nausea, mental clouding, sedation, euphoria, withdrawal, and constipation
36
What is **Beta-Blockers**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
* *anti-hypertensive drug, ***β-blocker** beta-adrenergic receptor anatagonists or blockers.
* IND- used mainly for hypertension but also used for other cardiac disease states(cardiac arrhythmias-irregular heartbeat, myocardial infaraction-heart attack)
* MOA- occupy the B1 receptor site, will increase vasodilation and decrease both heart rate and blood pressure
* CAR- dizziness, sexual dysfunction and vertigo
37
What is **ACE inhibitors**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
* **angiotensin converting enzyme**, reduce blood pressure.
* IND- used to treat hypertension
* MOA- works by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin 1 into agiotensin 2(which cause vasoconstriction).
* CAR- headache, dizziness, weakness, and joint pain
38
What is **agiotensin 2 receptor antagonists**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
* can be given once a day
* IND- used for hypertension
* MOA- block the effects of the A2 enzyme at receptor sites, preventing vasconstriction
* CAR- the only antihypertensive drugs that have no specific side effects
39
What is **HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* *antihyperlipidemic drug*
* IND- used to lower blood cholesterol
* MOA- work by limiting the HMG-CoA reductase synthesis(necessary to produce LDL, or bad cholesterol)
* CAR- abdominal pain, headache, nausea, constipation, and blurred vision
40
What is **Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists or blocker**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* **H2 blocker,** lower the amount of gastric acid produced in the stomach, also heals gastric or duodenal ulcers.
* IND- used to treat hypersecretory conditions (excess of stomach acid)
* MOA- works by inhibiting the interaction of histamine at H2 receptor sites
* CAR- headache and rash
41
What is proton pump inhibitors?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* anti-acidic drugs
* IND- used to treat hypersecretory conditions
* MOA- prevent the transport of hydrogen to the gastric system(decreases the amount of stomach acid that can be produced)
* CAR- nausea, vomitting, fatigue, and dizziness.
42
What is **sulfonylureas**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* *antidiabetic drugs* - for **hyperglycemia** (high blood sugar).
* IND- used to treat type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes)
* MOA- stimulate the production of insulin in the beta bells of the pancreas.
* CAR- vomiting, headache, blurred vision, sedation, and confusion.
43
What is **biguanides**?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
* antidiabetic drugs
* IND- to treat type 2 diabiabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes)
* MOA- reduce hepatic glucose output and increase uptake of glucose
* CAR- vomiting, headache, blurred vision, sedation, and confusion.
