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Phamacy Technician Exam > Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration > Flashcards

Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

dosage form

A

system or device for delivering the drug to the body

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2
Q

inert

A

inactive

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3
Q

additives

A

additional formulation aids that may be necessary for a successful preparation of the dosage form

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4
Q

diluents

A

(additives) used to increase the bulk weight or volume of a dosage form so that the dose of the active drug is more easily handled by the patient

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5
Q

excipients

A

inactive substances used as a carrier for the active ingredients of a medication

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6
Q

preservatives

A

substances that retard, minimize, or prevent the growth of bacteria or other microorganisms in the dosage form

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7
Q

CD

A

controlled diffusion

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8
Q

CR

A

controlled (or continuous) release

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9
Q

CRT

A

controlled-release tablet

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10
Q

LA

A

long-acting

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11
Q

SA

A

sustained-action

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12
Q

SR

A

sustained (or slow) release

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13
Q

TD

A

time delay

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14
Q

TR

A

time release

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15
Q

XL

A

extra-long

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16
Q

XR

A

extended-release

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17
Q

IV

A

intravenous (in vein)

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18
Q

MDI

A

meter-dose inhalers

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19
Q

IV push (IVP)

A

Bolus. drug is given intravenously over a short period (syringe/needle)

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20
Q

IV piggyback (IVPB)

A

drug is infused into vein over hours or days

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21
Q

IM

A

intramuscular (injection into large muscle)

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22
Q

SC, subQ, or SQ

A

subcutaneous (injected under skin in fatty tissue)

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23
Q

ID

A

intradermal (into the top layer of skin)

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24
Q

IA

A

intra-arterial (into an artery)

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25
intra-articular
into joint
26
IC
intracardiac (into the heart)
27
intraperitoneal
into the abdominal cavity
28
intrapleural
into the sac surrounding the lung
29
intraentricular
into the cavities of the brain
30
intrathecal
into the space around the spinal cord
31
intravaginal
into the vagina
32
intraocular
into the eye
33
topical
the application of a drug to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes
34
transdermal
through the skin and is used to deliver drug systemically
35
Capsules
-solid dosage form -with or without inert -enclosed in a gelatin shell, dissolves in stomach approx. 10-30min [soft(sealed) or hard(unsealed)] -size: 000(largest)-5(smallest)
36
Tablets
-solid dosage form -formed in molds or by die punch compression -may include inerts -accurate dosages -extended- or sustained-release
37
**Chewable** Tablets
- designed to be chewed before swallowing - usually plesant flavored
38
**Enteric-coated** tablets | (EC)
- coated with a substance to prevent dissolution in the stomach acid - meant to be dissolved in intestines - never be chewed, broken, or crushed
39
**Sublingual** tablets
-design to be dissolved quickly under the tongue
40
**Buccal** tablets
designed to place between the cheek and gum dissoled over time
41
**Film-coated** tablets
- coated with a thin layer of water-solube material that dissoles quickly in stomach - coated to cover up unpleasant tatse or odor/ deterioration
42
**Effervescant** tablets
- contain sodium bicarbonate and citric and/or tartaric acid - when placed in liquid, acid-base reaction (bubbles) release active ingredient
43
**Pellets** (tablets)
- small, cylinder-shaped tablets - meant for implantation
44
**Vaginal** tablets
designed to be inserted into the vagina
45
Lozenges
- solid dosage form - hard, oval, or discoid(flat & round) - flavor sugar base - mouth or throat
46
Suppositories
-designed for insertion into the rectum, viginal cavity, or urethral tract
47
Powders
- solid dosage form - finely ground mixtures of dry drugs and inactive ingredients - *externially*: sprinkled or dusted on the area to be treated or make a paste - *internally*: dissolved in water then swallowed
48
Granules
- solid doasge form - powders that are wetted, allowed to dry, and grounded into course, irregular pieces
49
Solutions
- liquid dosage form containing soluble matter - homogenous (evenly distributed) mixtures of one or more dissolved med. (solute) in a liquid vechicle (solvent) - solid, liquid, or gas external and internal use
50
**Aqueous** Solutions
-contain water as the solvent
51
Vehicle
- fluid medium / solvent - water, alcohol, or mineral oil
52
Douches
- liquid dosage form containing soluble matter - aqueous solution - directed into the body cavity to remove debris or disinfect
53
Irrigations
- liquid dosage form containing soluble matter - aqueous solution - used to wash eyes, the urinary bladder, or open wounds - larger then douches
54
Enemas
- liquid dosage form containing soluble matter - aqueous solution - introduced into the rectum to empty bowel or treat disease
55
Gargles
- liquid doasge form containing soluble matter - aqueous solution - treat diseases of the throat - not to be swallowed
56
Washes
- liquid dosage form containing soluble matter - aqueous solution - used to cleanse or bathe a body part - not to be swallowed
57
Sprays
- liquid dosage form containing soluble matter - aqueous solution - deliver as a mist against mucous membrane of the nose or throat
58
Injection
- liquid dosage form containing soluble matter - aqueous solution - sterile drug introduced beneath the skin, into the muscle, or into the bloodsteam
59
Syrups
- liduid dosage form containing soluble matter - viscous aqueous solution - concentrated mixture of sugar and drug - often used in pediatrics
60
Mucilages
- liquid dosage form containing soluble matter - viscous aqueous solution - adhesive liquids containing pulpy components of vegetable matter
61
**Nonaqueous** Solution
- without water\* - hydro-alcoholic (with water\*) - alcoholic solutions
62
**Hydro-alcoholic** Solution
- liquid dosage form containing soluble matter - nonaqueous solution - includes elixirs and tinctures
63
Elixirs
- hydro-alcoholic solution - sweetened with pleasant tatse - good relative stability - easy to prepare
64
Tinctures
- hydro-alcoholic solution - prepare from vegetable, animal, or chemical materials - have higher alcohol content than elixir
65
**Alcoholic** Solutions
- Nonaqueous Solution - contains **no** water - dissolved directly into ethyl alcohol
66
Emulsions
- liquid dosage form containing insoluble matter - mixtures of two liquids that normall do not mix - one liquid is broken into small particles and evenly scattered throughout the other. - liquid in small particles = *internal phase* - the other liquid = *external phase* - the two phases will seperate unless an *emulsifying agent* is used
67
Suspensions
- liquid dosage form containing inslouble matter - mixtures of very fine particles of an insoluble solid (internal phase) distributed through a gas, liquid, or solid (external phase) - external phase in most suspensions is water & called *aqueous suspension* - need to shaken before used
68
**Injectable** Suspensions
-allow for insoluble drugs to be administered in a suitable form for intramusclar (subcutaneous) purpose.
69
*Well- formulated* suspensions have the following chararistics:
- suspended material should not settle rapidly - when shaken, should disperse evenly - should pour freely - (external) spread evenly - (external) dry quickly - (external) should not rub off - example: lotions
70
**Extended-Release** Dosage Form
- formulated so that active ingredients are released over time at a constant rate (8-24hr) - typically capules or tablets - sometimes: injections, implants, troches, or patches
71
**Delayed-Release** Dosage Form
- release their drug ar a later time - example: enteric-coated tablets
72
*Semisolid* Dosage Form
- too thick too to be a liqiud - not solid enough to be a solid - intended for *topical* application examples: * ointments * creams * pastes * gels * inhalers
73
Aerosols
- miscellaneous dosage forms - suspensions of fine liquid or solid drug particles in a gas propellant and packaging - example: inhaler
74
*Injectable* Dosage Form
- vials - ampoules (ampules) - pre-filled syringes - pre-filled infusion bags
75
***Parenteral*** Route
- bypass the gastrointestinal tract - given over short or extended period - are usually emulsions oe suspensions

Phamacy Technician Exam (8 decks)

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