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MicroBio Exam 3 > Drugs/Agents > Flashcards

Drugs/Agents Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

(1) Targets PG layer gram (+) (2) Inhibits cell wall synthesis (3) large molecules so they don’t pass through pores of gram (1) cell walls

A

Vancomycin

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2
Q

(1) Synthetic fungicide (2) Affects fungal plasma membrane

A

Imidazoles and Triazoles

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3
Q

(1) Broadest spectrum drug (2) Bacterial and Fungal (3) Inhibits protein synthesis (4) Stains teeth because calcium forms complex with drug (5) obtained from streptomyces species (6) Used against gram (-/+)

A

Tetracycline

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4
Q

(1) Treats TB with isoniazid (2) Inhibits protein synthesis

A

Streptomycin

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5
Q

(1) Skin infections from gram (+) (2) Disrupts cell membrane function

A

Tyrocidins

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6
Q

(1) Antimetabolite

A

Trimethoprim

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7
Q

(1) Treats TB (2) Used with ethambutol (3) Used on mycobacteria (4) Narrow spectrum (5) Kills rapidly dividing bacilli (6) Antimetabolite

A

Isoniazid

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8
Q

(1) Treats UTIs (2) Treats travelers diarrhea (3) Effective against increasingly resistant organisms (4) Targets DNA replication

A

Quinolenes

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9
Q

(1) Systemic infections (2) Inhibits cell membrane (3) Anti fungal agent

A

Amphotericin B

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10
Q

(1) Corneal infections (2) Herpesvirus (3) Antiviral agent

A

Idoxuridine

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11
Q

(1) Viral encephalitis (2) Antiviral agent

A

Vidarabine

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12
Q

(1) Herpes lesions (2) Influenza hantavirus (3) Antiviral agent

A

Ribavirin

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13
Q

(1) Prevention of influenza A infections from entering cell (2) Antiviral agents

A

Amantadine

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14
Q

(1) Treats a broad spectrum of protozoan infections (2) Anti protozoan agent

A

Pyrimethamine

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15
Q

Family of antibiotics consists of anti fungal agents and at least two double bonds

A

Polene

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16
Q

(1) Gram (+) bacteria (2) Used on penicillin resistant organisms (3) Inhibits protein synthesis (4) Macrolide [large ringed compounds]

A

Erythromycin

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17
Q

(1) broad spectrum (2) Treats bacterial infections (3) Used with brain abscesses (4) Can cause possible aplastic anemia in bone marrow cells (5) inhibition of protein synthesis

A

Chloramphenicol

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18
Q

(1) Treats TB (2) Used with Isoniazid (3) Narrow spectrum (4) Antimetabolite

A

Ethambutol

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19
Q

(1) Skin and Nail infection (2 Anti fungal agent

A

Clotrimazole

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20
Q

(1) Tapeworms and parasites releasing large amounts of lactic acid (2) Anti helminthic agents (3) Interferes with carbohydrate metabolism

A

Niclosamide

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21
Q

(1) Pinworms, ascaris infections (2) Anti helminthic agents

22
Q

(1) Roundworms, whipworms and hookworms (2) Blocks uptake of glucose (3) Anti helminthic agent

23
Q

(1) Onchocerca volvulvus (2) Heart worm (3) Anti helminthic

24
Q

(1)Herpesvirus infection from genitals (2) Antiviral infection

25
(1) CMV eye infection from AIDS (2) Antiviral infection
Ganciclovir
26
(1) Treats trachomonas, giardia, amoebic infections (2) Black hairy tongue (3) Causes breaks in DNA
Metronidazole
27
(1) Gram (+) (2) Extracellular (3) Unstable (4) Toxic (5) Specific (6) Strong immunity (7) Vaccine made from virois (8) Soluble in host tissue
Exotoxin
28
(1) Gram (-) (2) Intracellular (3) Stable (4) Not very toxic (5) Nonspecific (6) Weak immunity (7) No vaccine (8) Part of cell wall released into host tissue
Endotoxin
29
(1) Mostly gram (+) (2) B lactam ring (3) Cell wall needed (4) Inhibits cell wall synthesis (5) Not used on fungal infections
Penicillin (natural)
30
(1) Infections resistant to natural penicillin (2) Inhibits cell wall synthesis (3) NOT used on fungal infections
Penicillin (semisynthetic)
31
(1) Mixed infections (2) Nosocomial infections (3) Inhibits cell wall synthesis (4) B lactam ring present
Carbapenems
32
(1) Small bactericidal polypeptide derived from Bacillus licheniformis (2) Used on lesions and wounds of the skin of mucous membrane
Bacitracin
33
(1) Broad spectrum (2) Used when other drugs cannot be used due to allergy or toxicity (3) Similar to penicillin so B lactam ring present
Cephalosporin
34
(1) Antibiotic resistant (2) Hospital acquired infections (3) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Gentamicin
35
(1) Topical application (2) Treats skin infections (3) Inhibits cell membrane function (4) There are 5 types (a-d) (4a) B and E are most common (5) Treats gram (-) like pseudomonas (6) If used internally, could cause numbness
Polymyxins
36
(1) Treats meningitis (2) Suppresses intestinal flora (3) Gram (+/-) bacteria (4) Antimetabolite (5) Mimics PABA [enzymes normal substrate]
Sulfonilamide
37
(1) Treats UTIs | (2) Antimetabolite
Nitrofurantoin
38
(1) TB (2) Used with streptomycin (3) Eliminates meningococci (4) Inhibits RNA polymerase (5) Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (6) Can cause red man syndrome, boils on the back
Rifampin
39
(1) Skin and Systemic infection (2) Used with organisms resistant to other drugs (3) Anti fungal agent
Miconazole
40
(1) Treats candida yeast infection (2) Treats Intestinal super-infections (3) Anti fungal agent
Nystatin
41
(1) Skin, hair and nail infection (2) Antifungal agent for superficial fungal infections (3) ineffective against bacteria and most fungal agents
Griseofulvin
42
(1) Candida infections (2) Systemic infections (3) Antifungal agent (4) Breaks down into uracil and interferes with nucleic acid and protein synthesis
Flucytosine
43
(1) Interfere with nucleic acid synthesis (2) Increase plasma membrane permeability causing leakiness in cells (3) Impair mitotic spindles
Anti fungal drugs
44
(1) Obtained from various species of the genera Streptomyces and Micromonospora (2) Streptomycin was the first one discovered
Aminoglycosides
45
(1) Helps treat HIV and AIDS | (2) Antiviral infection
AZT
46
(1) Antiviral | (2) Inactivates viruses that can be used in a vaccine
Formaldehyde
47
(1) Used against Malaria resistant to other antibiotics | (2) Antiprotozoan Agents
Quinine
48
(1) Used to treat malaria | (2) Antiprotozoan Agent
Chloroquine
49
(1) Used with Chloroquine to treat malaria (2) Prevents relapse (3) Antiprotozoan Agent
Primaquine
50
(1) Solubility in body fluids (2) Selective toxicity (3) Toxicity not easily altered (4) Nonallergenic (5) Stability (6) Resistance by Microorganisms Not Easily Acquired (7) Long Shelf-Life (8) Reasonable cost
Characteristics of an antimicrobial agent
51
(1) Fast acting in the presence of organic substances (body fluids) (2) Effective against all types of infectious agents without destroying tissue or being poisonous if ingested (3) Easily penetrate material to be disinfected without damage (4) Easy to prepare and stable even when exposed to light, heat, or environmental conditions (5) Inexpensive and easy to obtain (6) Not have unpleasant odor
Characteristics of a good disinfectant
52
(1) Alteration of Targets: usually affects bacterial ribosomes. Mutation alters the DNA such that the protein produced or target is modified. Antimicrobial agents can no longer bind to the target. (2) Alteration of Membrane Permeability: new genetic information changes the nature of proteins. Antimicrobial agents can no longer cross the membrane due to alterations in the membrane transport system or pores in the membrane (3) Development of Enzymes: can destroy or inactivate antimicrobial agents. Beta-lactamases exist in various bacteria, they are capable of breaking the Beta-lactam ring in penicillins and some cephalosporins (4) Alteration of an Enzyme: allows formally inhibited reaction to occur. These organisms have developed an enzyme that has a very high affinity for PABA and a very low affinity for sulfonamide. In the presence of sulfonamide, the enzyme works well enough to allow the bacterium to function (5) Alteration of a Metabolic Pathway: bybasses a reaction inhibited by an antimicrobial agent that occurs in other sulfonamide-resistant bacteria. These organisms have acquired the ability to use ready-made folic acid from their environment and no longer need to make it from PABA
Mechanisms of resistance

MicroBio Exam 3 (8 decks)

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