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DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science > Drugs and Alcohol Awareness > Flashcards

Drugs and Alcohol Awareness Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What is addiction?

A

State of habitual behaviour that is initially enjoyable but which eventually becomes self-sustaining of habitual

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2
Q

Name 3 ways addiction interferes with normal life

A
  1. Overtakes work
  2. Overtakes personal relationships
  3. Overtakes family activities
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3
Q

What 2 chemicals can cause pleasurable or rewarding effects of addictions?

A
  1. Dopamine

2. Endorphins

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4
Q

How is the pleasure laid down?

A

Deep-seated memories, through changes in other neurotransmitters e.g. GABA and glutamate

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5
Q

How do memories cause addiction?

A

Memories are powerful positive ones so the person craves them

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6
Q

What compounds the memory situation in terms off addiction?

A

Withdrawal reactions cause further distress

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7
Q

Describe 4 reasons why a drug user may not be an addict

A
  1. Genetic predispositions
  2. Mental health problems
  3. Coping strategy
  4. Particular sensitivity to pleasurable effects
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8
Q

Name 4 predisposing factors for addiction

A
  • Men are twice as likely to have problems
  • Peer pressure
  • Increase in women in 30-49 exceeding alcohol recommendation
  • Increase in alcohol consumption in 60-75 age group in last 10 years
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9
Q

Name 3 ways alcohol and drug misuse is directly relevant to dentistry

A
  1. Drinking hazardously is risk factor for sustaining oro-facial injuries
  2. Aetiology of potentially fatal disease e.g. cancers
  3. Detrimental effects on the dentition e.g. erosion
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10
Q

How many dentists are predicted to struggle with substance use disorders?

A

10-15%

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11
Q

Name 1 way alcohol and drug misuse is indirectly relevant to dentistry

A

Alcohol misuse affects patients’ general health

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12
Q

Name 3 legal types of drugs which have the potential to be abused

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Nicotine
  3. Prescribed drugs
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13
Q

Give an overview of alcohol

A
  • Affects many brain areas
  • Moderate consumption not harmful to adults
  • Use of alcohol in children is negative due to developing brains
  • Using other drugs which target the same area of the brain as alcohol can intensify both drugs’ effects
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14
Q

Name 2 ways in which alcohol affects the cerebral cortex

A
  1. Lowers inhibitions and loss of judgement

2. Affects how brain receives sensory information

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15
Q

Name 2 ways in which alcohol affects the frontal lobes

A
  1. Affects making decisions and using self control

2. This part of the brain can be damaged permanently

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16
Q

Name 3 ways in which alcohol affects the hippocampus

A
  1. Ability to remember something just learned
  2. Blackout in binge drinking
  3. Permanent memory loss in long term abuse
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17
Q

Name 2 ways in which alcohol affects the cerebellum

A
  1. Thinking, coordination, balance and awareness affected

2. Cause increased blood pressure, hunger and thirst

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18
Q

What does units of alcohol measure?

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A

The quantity of pure alcohol in a drink

19
Q

How much does 1 unit of alcohol equate to?

20
Q

What are NHS guidelines on units of alcohol for men?

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A

Men should not regularly drink more than 3-4 units per day

21
Q

What are NHS guidelines on units of alcohol for women?

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A

Men should not regularly drink more than 2-3 units per day

22
Q

What is the Audit-C tool?

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A

A guide to help identify patients who are drinking alcohol at a level which is increasing risk to their health

23
Q

Describe the 4 zones in the Audit-C tool

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A
  • Zone I (0-7) - Low risk drinking
  • Zone II (8-15) - Hazardous risk drinking
  • Zone III (16-20) - Harmful risk drinking
  • Zone IV (20-40) - Possible dependence
24
Q

What is the main function of Audit-C tool?

Study These Flashcards
A

Draw patient’s attention to alcohol usage

25
Describe 4 ways nicotine can affect the body
1. Increase heart rate 2. Increase blood pressure 3. Increase alertness 4. Reduce appetite
26
What 2 neurotransmitters does nicotine act on?
1. Acetylcholine | 2. Dopamine
27
What neurotransmitter is majorly responsible for nicotine addiction?
Dopamine
28
Name 3 reasons a person may self-medicate
1. Insomnia 2. Anxiety 3. Pain control
29
Name 3 reasons dentists may be more vulnerable to self medicating
1. Access to prescription writing 2. Access to prescription drugs 3. Access to friendships with other dental / medical colleagues
30
Name 3 major illegal drugs
1. Heroin 2. Cocaine 3. Marijuana
31
How does heroin affect the body?
- Activates brain opiate receptors and increases dopamine release - Feelings of euphoria and decrease pain - Nausea - Receptors decrease after use and users need more drug to feel same effects - Withdrawal symptoms are intense
32
How does cocaine affect the body?
- Prevents normal reabsorption of dopamine during neurotransmission - Build up of dopamine - When stop using cocaine, dopamine levels decrease - Repeat use damages neurones - Withdrawals lead to depression and anxiety
33
How does marijuana affect the body?
- 85 times more likely to use than cocaine - Tetrahydrocannabinol is main active ingredient - THC in large quantities over long periods can affect neurons in hippocampus - Can result in anxiety, panic attacks and paranoia
34
Name 4 "Club-Drugs"
1. GHB 2. Rohypnol 3. MDMA 4. Ketamine
35
Describe the drug GHB
- Colourless, odourless liquid - Memory loss, drowsiness - Vision problems - Loss of conciousness
36
Describe the drug rohypnol
- Pill which easily dissolves - Causes sleepiness and loss of muscle control - Memory loss almost certain
37
Describe the drug MDMA
- Ecstasy in tablet form - Increase heart rate and blood pressure - Nausea and sweating - High doses lead to hyperthermia leading to liver, kidney and cardiovascular system failure
38
Describe the drug ketamine
- Anaesthetic - Hallucinations, numbness and loss of coordination - Breathing problems - Aggressive behaviour
39
Name 3 everyday effects of drug abuse
1. Ability to assess risk inhibited 2. Risky decisions 3. Missed concentration
40
Describe 4 signs of substance abuse
1. Smell of alcohol or mouthwash to mask alcohol 2. Hand tremor 3. Excessive perspiration 4. Frequent bathroom breaks
41
Name 4 things which may happen if a dentist is found to be abusing substances
1. Fitness to Practice 2. Help will be offered 3. Suspended / restrictions on ability to practice 4. Duty to report yourself or a colleague
42
Name 2 places a dentist can get help for substance abuse
1. GP / family / counselling | 2. DHSP helpline
43
Name 4 places a student dentist can get help for substance abuse
1. GP 2. Addiction NI 3. Student Guidance 4. Tutor

DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science (25 decks)

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