Oral Health Behaviour Change

Question 1

Why is it important to focus on behaviour for preventing dental disease?

Answer 1

Caries is a bacterially mediated disease so compensation can result from good oral hygiene and a non cariogenic diet

Question 2

Name 2 key behaviours recommended for optimal oral health

Answer 2

1. Establishment of critical healthy behaviours in early life
2. A dental home by 12 months of age

Question 3

Describe 2 critical healthy behaviours

Answer 3

1. Control of sugary foods and drinks

2. Adequate fluoride exposure

Question 4

What is the function of Behavioural Change Science?

Answer 4

Bridging the gap between knowledge of what a person should do and how to do it

Question 5

What do BCTs allow a parent to achieve?

Answer 5

Enhances Parent Self-Efficacy to manage child oral health

Question 6

What is the major influence on young children and in determining whether they develop caries?

Answer 6

Parental beliefs and attitudes

Question 7

How are parental beliefs shaped?

Answer 7

Society and community they are a part of

Question 8

What is a deterministic component of behaviour?

Answer 8

The way a person acts is determined by external stimuli provided by culture

Question 9

Describe the observable component of behaviour

Answer 9

Over time an individual develops a behavioural repertoire that can be used to predict behaviour

Question 10

Describe the controllable component of behaviour

Answer 10

Desirable behaviours can be brought about by incentives; undesirable behaviours can be eradicated by consequences

Question 11

What did John B Watson do in terms of the focus of psychology?

Answer 11

Changes the focus from introspection to environmentalism

Question 12

How do behavioural theories explain learning?

Answer 12

In terms of environmental events

Question 13

What are the 2 initial divisions of the operant conditioning model?

Answer 13

1. Reinforcement

2. Punishment

Question 14

What are the 2 types of punishment in the operant conditioning model?

Answer 14

1. Positive (add noxious stimuli)

2. Negative (remove appetitive stimuli)

Question 15

What are the 2 types of reinforcement in the operant conditioning model?

Answer 15

1. Positive (add appetitive stimuli)

2. Negative (either escape or active avoidance of noxious stimuli)

Question 16

Describe the operant conditioning behavioural model

Answer 16

• An organism is operating in its environment and happens upon reinforcer
• Stimulus causes organism to continue the operant
• If an operant is no longer followed by reinforcer, extinction of operant behaviour will occur

Question 17

What is shaping?

Answer 17

It can be used to help an animal to behave in a manner it never would in ordinary daily patterns

Question 18

Name 4 reasons people will voluntarily change

Answer 18

1. Concerned about need for change
2. Convinced change is in best interests
3. Organize plan of action
4. Take actions necessary

Question 19

What are 3 reasons to attempt to bring about change?

Answer 19

1. Cost
2. Morbidity
3. Future consequences

Question 20

Name 3 models of individual health behaviour

Answer 20

1. Health belief model
2. Stages of change
3. Relapse prevention

Question 21

Name 3 models of interpersonal level health behaviour

Answer 21

1. Social learning theory
2. Theory of reasoned action
3. Theory of planned behaviour

Question 22

Name 3 influences on health behaviours

Answer 22

1. Biological
2. Psychological
3. Societal

Question 23

Name 2 points of support for theories on health behaviour

Answer 23

1. Person self-reported attitudes and intentions predict a variety of health-promoting actions
2. People are more likely to engage if they feel susceptible to hazards of not engaging

Question 24

Name 4 shortcomings of theories on health behaviour

Answer 24

1. People do not always do what they intend to do
2. Attitudes predict some behaviours but not others
3. Predictive power of theories is greater in some groups
4. Theories ignore past experience which is often best predictor

Question 25

Name 3 reasons why health behaviour theories are not more precise

Answer 25

1. Unrealistically complex 2. Health habits are often unstable over time 3. Decisions are often made by other people for young, old and ill

Question 26

Describe 4 stages of a system for designing effective behaviour change interventions

Answer 26

1. Identify target behaviours 2. Understand target behaviour in context 3. Consider full range of possible intervention functions 4. Identify specific behaviour change techniques

Question 27

What is the major effect on oral health behaviours for children?

Answer 27

Parental self-efficacy

Question 28

Describe 4 intervention techniques used for prevention childhood caries

Answer 28

1. Provide information on health behaviour link 2. Provide instruction 3. Provide information on consequences 4. Demonstrate behaviour

Question 29

What is motivational interviewing?

Answer 29

Directive, client-centred counselling style for eliciting behaviour change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence

Question 30

What does SBIRT stand for?

Answer 30

Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment

Question 31

What is the function of SBIRT?

Answer 31

Method for effectively engaging patients in a brief conversation about health promotion in an effort to reduce the consequences of harmful health behaviours

Question 32

Name 4 components of BNI

Answer 32

1. Raise subject 2. Provide feedback 3. Enhance motivation 4. Negotiate and Advise

Question 33

What is the function of establishing a rapport when raising the subject (BNI)?

Answer 33

Understand parent's concerns and circumstances and avoid a judgemental stance

Question 34

Name 3 ways a dentist can express empathy and rapport (BNI)

Answer 34

1. Accepting attitude 2. Reflective listening techniques 3. Parents ambivalence (basis of change)

Question 35

What is the main component of enhance motivation (BNI)?

Answer 35

Assess readiness to change

Question 36

Name 3 things a dentist can do if a patient is not ready for change

Answer 36

1. Offer information and support 2. Present feedback and concerns 3. Negotiate

Question 37

What should a dentist do if a parent is unsure about their readiness for change?

Answer 37

Explore pros and cons

Question 38

Name 4 ways a dentist can negotiate and advise (BNI)

Answer 38

1. Elicit response 2. Negotiate a goal 3. Give advice 3. Summarize

Question 39

What is the function of exploring pros and cons with a parent when discussing readiness for change?

Answer 39

Develops and highlights discrepancy between present behaviour and goals

Question 40

Name 4 dangerous assumptions to make when using the BNI

Answer 40

1. Parent and child ought to and is ready to change 2. BNI has failed if they decide not to change 3. Parents are either motivated or not 4. A tough approach is best

Question 41

Name 4 things a dentist should help the parent to do if they are ready to change

Answer 41

1. Name a solution for themselves 2. Choose a course of action 3. Decide how to achieve it 4. Encourage choice