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ENRP 1 > Drugs for Diabetes > Flashcards

Drugs for Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

insulin aspart

A
  • Rapid acting
  • taken before meals to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia
  • risk of hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypertrophy of fat at injection site, resistance, allergy
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2
Q

insulin lispro

A
  • Rapid acting
  • taken before meals to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia
  • risk of hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypertrophy of fat at injection site, resistance, allergy
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3
Q

insulin glulisine

A
  • Rapid acting
  • taken before meals to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia
  • risk of hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypertrophy of fat at injection site, resistance, allergy
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4
Q

regular insulin

A
  • Short acting
  • can be used for basal insulin maintenance, overnight coverage, given 45 min before meal to prevent post prandial hyperglycemia, or injected IV for urgent situations
  • risk of hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypertrophy of fat at injection site, resistance, allergy
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5
Q

NPH

neutral protamine hagerdorn

A
  • intermediate acting
  • can be used for basal insulin maintenance, or overnight coverage
  • risk of hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypertrophy of fat at injection site, resistance, allergy
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6
Q

insulin detemir

A
  • long acting
  • rapidly absorbed in blood, but binds strongly to albumin
  • risk of hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypertrophy of fat at injection site, resistance, allergy
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7
Q

insulin glargine

A
  • long acting
  • used for basal insulin maintenance
  • soluble at pH4 but precipitates at pH7 and forms a depot
  • risk of hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypertrophy of fat at injection site, resistance, allergy
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8
Q

pramlintide

A
  • amylin analog
  • used to manage postprandial hyperglycemia
  • enhances action of insulin by inhibiting glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and causes a feeling of satiety
  • risk of hypoglycemia and drug interactions
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9
Q

exenatide

A
  • incretin mimetic, and insulin secretagogue
  • GLP-1 receptor agonist (activates a Gs GPCR)
  • derived from gila monster saliva
  • only used for T2DM
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10
Q

liraglutide

A
  • incretin mimetic, and insulin secretagogue
  • GLP-1 receptor agonist (activates a Gs GPCR)
  • long acting
  • only used for T2DM
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11
Q

sitagliptin

A
  • incretin mimetic, and insulin secretagogue
  • DDP-4 inhibitor, prevents GLP-1 breakdown
  • only used for T2DM
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12
Q

linagliptin

A
  • incretin mimetic, and insulin secretagogue
  • DDP-4 inhibitor, prevents GLP-1 breakdown
  • only used for T2DM
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13
Q

saxagliptin

A
  • incretin mimetic, and insulin secretagogue
  • DDP-4 inhibitor, prevents GLP-1 breakdown
  • only used for T2DM
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14
Q

alogliptin

A
  • incretin mimetic, and insulin secretagogue
  • DDP-4 inhibitor, prevents GLP-1 breakdown
  • only used for T2DM
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15
Q

chlorpromide

A
  • first generation sulfonylurea
  • blocks K+ ATP channels
  • many drug interactions: risk or hypoglycemia and reduced glucose lowering effect
  • only used for T2DM
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16
Q

tolbutamide

A
  • first generation sulfonylurea
  • blocks K+ ATP channels
  • many drug interactions: risk or hypoglycemia and reduced glucose lowering effect
  • only used for T2DM
17
Q

tolazamide

A
  • first generation sulfonylurea
  • blocks K+ ATP channels
  • many drug interactions: risk or hypoglycemia and reduced glucose lowering effect
  • only used for T2DM
18
Q

glipizide

A
  • second generation sulfonylurea
  • blocks K+ ATP channels
  • many drug interactions: risk or hypoglycemia and reduced glucose lowering effect
  • only used for T2DM
19
Q

glyburide

A
  • second generation sulfonylurea
  • blocks K+ ATP channels
  • many drug interactions: risk or hypoglycemia and reduced glucose lowering effect
  • only used for T2DM
20
Q

glimepiride

A
  • second generation sulfonylurea
  • blocks K+ ATP channels
  • many drug interactions: risk or hypoglycemia and reduced glucose lowering effect
  • only used for T2DM
21
Q

nateglinide

A
  • meglitinide
  • blocks K+ ATP channels and enhances insulin secretion
  • used for prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia
  • only used for T2DM
22
Q

repaglinide

A
  • meglitinide
  • blocks K+ ATP channels and enhances insulin secretion
  • used for prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia
  • only used for T2DM
23
Q

metformin

A
  • biguanide
  • activates AMP-activated protein kinase
  • does not bind to plasma proteins or get metabolized by body
  • risk of lactic acidosis
  • only used for T2DM
24
Q

pioglitazone

A
  • thiazolidinedione
  • PPARγ agonist, increases GLUT4 levels
  • delay progression to T2DM, and reduce insulin resistance
  • metabolized by CYP450s
  • risk of edema, exacerbation of CHF, and osteoporotic fractures
  • only used for T2DM
25
Q

rosiglitazone

A
  • thiazolidinedione
  • PPARγ agonist, increases GLUT4 levels
  • delay progression to T2DM, and reduce insulin resistance
  • metabolized by CYP450s
  • risk of edema, exacerbation of CHF, and osteoporotic fractures
  • only used for T2DM
26
Q

canagliflozin

A
  • SGLT-2 inhibitor
  • increases glucose excretion in kidney
  • only used for COMBINATION THERAPY IN T2DM
27
Q

dapagliflozin

A
  • SGLT-2 inhibitor
  • increases glucose excretion in kidney
  • only used for COMBINATION THERAPY IN T2DM
28
Q

empagliflozin

A
  • SGLT-2 inhibitor
  • increases glucose excretion in kidney
  • only used for COMBINATION THERAPY IN T2DM
29
Q

acarbose

A
  • α-glucosidase competitive inhibitor
  • reduce the amount of starch/disaccharide digestion and therefore reduce the amount of monosaccharide absorption
  • risk of flatulence and bloating
  • only used for T2DM
30
Q

miglitol

A
  • α-glucosidase competitive inhibitor
  • reduce the amount of starch/disaccharide digestion and therefore reduce the amount of monosaccharide absorption
  • risk of flatulence and bloating
  • only used for T2DM

ENRP 1 (23 decks)

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