Drugs for hyperlipidemia

Question 1

A disorder where there are abnormally elevated levels of fat particles in the blood

Answer 1

Hyperlipidemia

Question 2

also known as the fat particles in the blood

Answer 2

Lipids

Question 3

what are the four major types of lipid

Answer 3

Chylomicrons
Very low-density lipoproteins
low-density lipoproteins
high-density lipoproteins

Question 4

Chylomicrons are produced in

Answer 4

gut from dietary lipids

Question 5

This type of lipoprotein is composed mostly of triglycerides and small amounts of cholesterol

Answer 5

chylomicrons

Question 6

VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins) are produced in?

Answer 6

liver

Question 7

what is the function of chylomicrons and VLDL

Answer 7

They are responsible for delivering energy-rich triglycerides to cells throughout the body

Question 8

An enzyme located on the capillary walls that are responsible for the release of fatty acids from lipoproteins

Answer 8

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 9

this contains a higher percentage of cholesterol

Answer 9

LDL (low-density lipoproteins)

Question 10

A high concentration of LDL is considered

Answer 10

bad cholesterol

Question 11

what is the function of LDL

Answer 11

deliver cholesterol to cells

Question 12

half of the circulating LDL is taken up by the liver because?

Answer 12

the liver uses it to synthesize bile acid

Question 13

This is composed mainly of protein with a small number of lipids

Answer 13

HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

Question 14

what is the mechanism of action of HDL

Answer 14

Transports excess cholesterol from the peripheral cells back to the liver

Question 15

HDL is produced in?

Answer 15

small intestine and liver

Question 16

Statins are commonly known as

Answer 16

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Question 17

what does HMG-CoA inhibit?

Answer 17

it inhibits the conversion of HMG-CoA (hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A) to mevalonate

Question 18

It is a rate-controlling enzyme

Answer 18

HMG-CoA reductase

Question 19

It is a cholesterol precursor in the liver

Answer 19

Mevalonic acid

Question 20

what happens when you inhibit HMG-CoA reductase

Answer 20

less synthesized mevalonic acid which results in a low concentration of cholesterol in the liver

Question 21

this leads to decrease secretion of VLDL

Answer 21

low intracellular cholesterol levels

Question 22

What are drugs under HMG-CoA?

Answer 22

atorvastatin
fluvastatin
lovastatin
pravastatin
rosuvastatin
simvastatin

Question 23

Nicotinic acid is commonly known as

Answer 23

niacin

Question 24

nicotinic acid is normally found in

Answer 24

adipose tissue

Question 25

what enzyme does niacin inhibit

Answer 25

hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 26

it is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of triglyceride to free fatty acids

Answer 26

hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 27

what happens when nicotinic acid inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase?

Answer 27

There will be no or less free fatty acid for the liver to synthesize thus resulting to decrease hepatic VLDL which leads to decrease levels of VLD

Question 28

Fibrates are also known as

Answer 28

finofibrate derivatives

Question 29

PPAR-alpha stands for

Answer 29

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

Question 30

Nuclear transcription receptor that is found in metabolic active tissues such as liver and adipose tissue

Answer 30

PPAR-alpha

Question 31

PPAR-alpha is normally found in

Answer 31

liver and adipose tissue

Question 32

it is a protein that inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity

Answer 32

Apo-CIII

Question 33

it is an adipocyte enzyme that cleaves fatty acids from intracellular triglycerol

Answer 33

Hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 34

is an adipocyte enzyme that cleaves fatty acids from circulating lipoproteins

Answer 34

lipoprotein lipase

Question 35

Their binding induces activation or inhibition of certain genes that code for proteins involved in lipid metabolism

Answer 35

Binding of Fibrates and PPAR-alpha

Question 36

Fibrates increase the expression of these proteins that are a major component of HDL

Answer 36

Apo-AI and Apo-AII

Question 37

these are the major component of HDL production

Answer 37

Apo-AI and Apo-AII

Question 38

drugs that are under fenofibrate derivatives

Answer 38

fenofibrate | gemfibrozil

Question 39

This activates nuclear transcription receptor PPAR-alpha

Answer 39

Fibrates

Question 40

It increases the expression of lipoprotein lipase

Answer 40

fibrates

Question 41

Also known as bile acid resins

Answer 41

bile acid sequestrants

Question 42

bile is stored in?

Answer 42

gallbladder

Question 43

Bile acid sequestrants serve as

Answer 43

ion exchange resin

Question 44

responsible for the transportation of excess cholesterol from the peripheral cells back to the liver

Answer 44

HDL

Question 45

examples of bile acid sequestrant

Answer 45

Colesevelam Colestipol cholestyramine

Question 46

Free cholesterol either comes from

Answer 46

dietary sources | bile

Question 47

In the normal mechanism of cholesterol absorption, it firsts bind to a protein called

Answer 47

NPC1L1

Question 48

ACE inhibitors can elevate which levels

Answer 48

bradykinin

Question 49

This peptide causes blood vessels to dilate by stimulating the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin

Answer 49

Bradykinin