Drugs for hypertension

Question 1

It refers to the tension of blood pressing against the artery

Answer 1

Blood Pressure

Question 2

It is recognized as a major risk factor for several potentially lethal cardiac conditions

Answer 2

hypertension

Question 3

This causes a decrease in cardiac output by blocking alpha 1 receptors

Answer 3

Alpha 1 blockers

Question 4

examples of alpha 1 blockers

Answer 4

doxazosin and prazosin

Question 5

the blood pressing against the artery is controlled by contractions of

Answer 5

the left ventricle, systemic vascular resistance, and elasticity of arterial walls

Question 6

The baroreceptor is a pressure-sensitive neuron that?

Answer 6

regulates arterial blood pressure

Question 7

activation Alpha 1 receptors causes

Answer 7

vasoconstriction

Question 8

the baroreceptor in the kidney responds to the fall in blood pressure by releasing an enzyme called

Answer 8

renin

Question 9

renin is stimulated by

Answer 9

sympathetic activation of beta-1 receptors

Question 10

This is necessary for the production of angiotensin 1

Answer 10

renin

Question 11

Blood pressure is a product of

Answer 11

cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance

Question 12

it is located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses

Answer 12

baroreceptors

Question 13

activation of beta 1 receptors causes?

Answer 13

increase of cardiac out which leads to increase blood pressure

Question 14

It is a very potent vasoconstrictor that constricts systemic blood vessels, thus increasing peripheral resistance

Answer 14

Angiotensin II

Question 15

activation of aldosterone leads to?

Answer 15

sodium and water retention

Question 16

this causes decrease systemic vascular resistance in smooth muscle

Answer 16

Alpha 1 receptor

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of beta-blockers

-atenolol
-doxazosin
prazosin
metoprolol

Answer 17

atenolol and metoprolol

Question 18

what is the mechanism of beta-blockers

Answer 18

Beta-blocker selectively blocks beta receptors that cause a decrease in cardiac output

Question 19

this causes the heart to beat slower and with less tension

Answer 19

Beta-blockers

Question 20

Examples of non-selective beta-blockers

Answer 20

labetalol and carvedilol

Question 21

what do labetalol and carvedilol do

Answer 21

they additionally block alpha 1 receptors

Question 22

a type of beta-blocker that decreases the systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output

Answer 22

Non-selective beta-blockers

Question 23

adrenergic drugs block the

Answer 23

sympathetic activity within the brain

Question 24

Clonidine and methyldopa belong to which type of drug group

Answer 24

adrenergic drugs

Question 25

Clonidine selective stimulate _________ providing negative feedback to reduce catecholamine production

Answer 25

presynaptic alpha-2 receptors

Question 26

stimulation of alpha-2 receptors lead to

Answer 26

reduce catecholamine production

Question 27

which among clonidine and methyldopa is an agonist

Answer 27

clonidine

Question 28

it is the active metabolite of methyldopa

Answer 28

methylnorepinephrine

Question 29

clonidine is a

Answer 29

agonist

Question 30

It selective inhibit L-type calcium channels in the vascular smooth muscle

Answer 30

Dihydropyridines

Question 31

what is the mechanism of action of dihydropyridines

Answer 31

Dihydropyridines inhibit the calcium from entering the smooth muscle by blocking the L-calcium channel.

Question 32

what does calcium do once it enters smooth muscles

Answer 32

it causes contraction

Question 33

Examples of dihydropyridine drugs FANN

Answer 33

Amlodipine felodipine nicardipine nifedipine

Question 34

This type of calcium channel blocker can block both calcium channels of vascular smooth muscle and cardiac cells

Answer 34

Non-dihydropyridine drugs

Question 35

Non-dihydropyridine blocking of calcium channels can lead to

Answer 35

Reduced myocardial contractility, slower heart rate, and slower conduction.

Question 36

True or False Nndihydropyridines can significantly decrease cardiac output

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Examples of nondihydropyridines drug

Answer 37

Diltiazem and verapamil

Question 38

It can cause excessive bradycardia and cardiac conduction abnormalities

Answer 38

Non-dihydropyridine

Question 39

Verapamil can lead to

Answer 39

constipation

Question 40

Types of diuretics used to treat hypertension

Answer 40

Loop Diuretics Thiazide Diuretics Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Question 41

This reduces the reabsorption of sodium chloride in the kidneys, leading to diuresis

Answer 41

Loop Diuretics

Question 42

Drugs that reduce the reabsorption of sodium chloride

Answer 42

Furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide

Question 43

It reduces sodium chloride reabsorption to a smaller degree than loop diuretics

Answer 43

Thiazide Diuretics

Question 44

Potassium-sparing diuretics increase the diuresis by?

Answer 44

1. Interfering with the sodium-potassium exchange | 2. blocking the actions of aldosterone

Question 45

Examples of ACE inhibitor drugs

Answer 45

``` Benazepril Captopril Enalapril Lisonopril Quinapril Ramipril ```

Question 46

Examples of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Answer 46

``` Candesartan Irbesartan Losartan Olmesartan Valsartan ```

Question 47

ACE Inhibitors may cause

Answer 47

dry cough | angioedema

Question 48

Example of the renin inhibitor

Answer 48

Aliskiren

Question 49

this is the result of inhibition of angiotensin II

Answer 49

elevate levels of bradykinin

Question 50

A competitive antagonist of a potent vasoconstrictor

Answer 50

Bosentan

Question 51

Bosentan is often used for

Answer 51

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 52

Fenoldopam is a

Answer 52

selective dopamine 1 receptor agonist

Question 53

Often used for short-term management of hypertension

Answer 53

Fenoldopam

Question 54

Sodium Nitroprusside and Nitroglycerin are a source of

Answer 54

Nitric oxide