Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

It is the study of what the drug does to our body

Answer 1

Pharmacodynamics

Question 2

A study of biochemical and physiological effects of the drug on the body

Answer 2

Pharmacodynamics

Question 3

These are the macromolecules to where the medication binds to

Answer 3

Drug receptors

Question 4

What is a drug-receptor

Answer 4

target molecules with which a drug molecule has to combine in order to elicit a response

Question 5

When a drug binds to a receptor, what most likely to happen?

Answer 5

Ion channel will open or close
Biochemical messengers are activated
A normal cellular function is physically inhibited
a cellular function is “turned on”

Question 6

types of biochemical messengers

Answer 6

cAMP
cGMP
Ca2+
inositol phosphate

Question 7

Why must a receptor be selective in its ligand characteristics?

Answer 7

It has to be selective so it could elicit a response to a proper chemical signal and not to meaningless ones

Question 8

These have a high selective affinity for the drug molecule

Answer 8

receptor site or recognition site

Question 9

these are best-characterized drug receptors

Answer 9

regulatory proteins

Question 10

Proteins that are considered as drug-receptor

Answer 10

Regulatory proteins
enzymes
transport proteins
structural proteins
nucleic acid

Question 11

which of the following is an example of a receptor that could be classified as an enzyme?

• Na+ k+ ATPase
• tubulin
• dihydrofolate reductase
• NOTA

Answer 11

Dihydrofolate reductase

Na+ k+ ATPase is for transport proteins
tubulin is for structural proteins

Question 12

Which of the following is true about noncompetitive antagonists?

a. surmountable
b. interact with receptors at a different site as the agonist
c. reversible
d. produced by antagonists that have the ability to activate receptors

Answer 12

Interact with receptors at a different site

Question 13

These are components of endogenous molecules that bind drug without initiating events leading to any of the drug’s effect

Answer 13

Inert Binding sites

Question 14

When albumin binds to a receptor but its interaction does not elicit a drug effect is an example of

Answer 14

inert binding sites

Question 15

this refers to the strength of binding between a drug and its receptor

Answer 15

affinity

Question 16

examples of inert binding sites

Answer 16

albumin and orosomucoid

Question 17

it is the transduction process between occupancy of the receptors and drug response

Answer 17

coupling

Question 18

Which of the class of receptors mediate the actions of hormones?

a. enzymes
b. structural proteins
c. nucleic acid
d. transport
e. regulatory proteins

Answer 18

Regulatory proteins

Question 19

The type of drug interaction shown by the harmful effect observed in a person who takes a dose of alcohol and a dose of barbiturate:

a. additive
b. potentiation
c. antagonism
d. synergism

Answer 19

Synergism

Question 20

This exists if the maximum drug response is obtained at less than the saturation of receptors

Answer 20

Spare receptors

Question 21

this can fully activate the effector system when it binds to the receptor

Answer 21

agonist

Question 22

Which of the following is recognized to be the most common type of receptors in the body?

a. receptors that open /close ion channels
b. G-protein-coupled receptors
c. receptor for lipid-soluble agents

Answer 22

G-protein-coupled receptors

Question 23

A kind of agonist that fails to produce maximal effects even when all the receptors are occupied by the agonist:

a. strong agonist
b. full agonist
c. weak agonist
d. partial agonist

Answer 23

Partial agonist

Question 24

a kind of agonist that must be bound to many drugs before it can elicit its maximal effect

Answer 24

weak agonist

Question 25

An agent that can bind to a receptor and inhibit or block responses

Answer 25

antagonist

Question 26

This type of agonist binds with the receptor at the same site as the agonists

Answer 26

Competitive agonist

Question 27

True or False Competitive antagonist binds to a receptor in a reversible way

Answer 27

True

Question 28

This induces a change in the receptor that resulted to agonist being unable to recognize binding sites

Answer 28

Noncompetitive antagonist

Question 29

This is similar to a competitive antagonist but the only difference is, this binds with the receptor permanently

Answer 29

Irreversibly antagonist

Question 30

When a drug binds to a receptor, one of the following actions is likely to occur, except: a. a cellular function is turned on b. an ion channel is permanently configured c. biochemical messengers are activated d. a normal cellular function is physically inhibited

Answer 30

An ion channel is permanently configured

Question 31

Which of the following is/are example(s) of physiologic antagonism: a. protamine and heparin b. dimercaprol and lead c. cortisol and insulin d. pralidoxime and phosphorus

Answer 31

cortisol and insulin | histamine and epinephrine

Question 32

This type of antagonist involves two agonists which cancel one another

Answer 32

Physiologic antagonist

Question 33

Which of the following substances works with ligand-activated receptors? a. insulin b. corticosteroid c. epinephrine d. acetylcholine

Answer 33

acetylcholine

Question 34

A type of chemical agonist that is a chelator of lead and some other toxic chemicals

Answer 34

Dimercaprol

Question 35

A positively charged protein that can be used to counteract histamine

Answer 35

Protamine

Question 36

Molecules that translate the drug-receptor interaction into a change in cellular activity

Answer 36

effectors

Question 37

The best example of an effector

Answer 37

adenylyl cyclase

Question 38

Tyrosine Kinase Effector is both

Answer 38

effector and receptor

Question 39

Which of the following forms of antagonisms does not involve interactions of drugs at a receptor but instead directly interacts with the drug being antagonized? a. chemical antagonism b. noncompetitive antagonism c. physiologic antagonism d. irreversible antagonism

Answer 39

Chemical antagonism

Question 40

Example of agents that bind to intercellular receptors

Answer 40

``` corticosteroids mineralocorticoids sex steroids vitamin d thyroid hormone nitric oxide ```

Question 41

Gs protein-coupled receptor that stimulates cAMP

Answer 41

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 42

Gi protein-coupled receptor that inhibits cAMP

Answer 42

acetylcholine and adenosine

Question 43

Gq protein-coupled receptors that activate the inositol triphosphate pathway

Answer 43

norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1

Question 44

types of excitatory amino acids

Answer 44

glycine, aspartate, and glutamate

Question 45

The following receptors are found outside, except: a. receptor that open/close ion channels b. g-protein-coupled receptors c. receptor for lipid-soluble agents d. enzyme-linked receptors

Answer 45

receptor for lipid-soluble agents

Question 46

occurs when the drug has little to no effect on a given variable greatly amplifies the effect of another drug on variable

Answer 46

Potentiation

Question 47

two drugs with the same effect, when given together, produce an effect that is greater in magnitude

Answer 47

synergism