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NURS216A > Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulant Drugs

A 
Crystal meth 
(amphetamines)
cocaine
Psychoactive stimulants (ecstasy)
alcohol
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2
Q

Sedative Drugs

A

Alcohol
Opioids
Sedative hypnotics and hallucinogens
Cannabinoids

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3
Q

Is alcohol a stimulant or sedative

A

Both

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4
Q

Stimulants ____ vital signs and alertness

A

increase

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5
Q

Crystal Meth increases

A

E and norepi.

Will ilicit euphoria, paranoia and hallucinations, skin sores, anorexia, and delusions

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6
Q

Effects of Stimulants

A 
Happiness
Elation
Confidence
Irritability/restlessness
dilated pupils
increased VS, hyperthermia
anxiety 
tremors
seizures

if there is not an antagonist we can give a med with opposite effects like a benzo

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7
Q

Cocaine

A

Sodium Channel Blocker
epinephrine reuptake inhibitor
- the only local anesthetic enhancing vasocontriction
Make be used in ENT surgeries to decrease hemhorraging

increases epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin.
addictive

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8
Q

Alcohol and Cocaine together in the body create ____

A

Coca-ethylene
A very potent and toxic drug. This builds up and prolongs the action of cocaine (blocks liver metabolism). This is toxic to organs and makes cocaine and alcohol synergistic. Potency becomes 3.5x higher than taken alone.

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9
Q

Ecstasy/MDMA/MDA

A

Amphetamine type hallucinogenics.
increases e, dopamine, serotonin

Rave drug, quick onset and long duration of action.
Long term causes sleep problems, anxiety, depression, impulsiveness, anorexia, negative neuroplasticity. The user will develop a tolerance and need a higher dose to have an effect.

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10
Q

Alcohol

A

Increases Ach, serotonin, GABA
Phase of stimulation followed by phase of sedation.
Stroke and seizure risk when alcohol and cocaine mix.
Metabolism in liver: competition of CYP450 with other drugs which will prolong the effects of alcohol.

METADOXINE is given in overdose as well as Vit B

Alcohol uses Vit B in its metabolism.

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11
Q

Alcohol is ___ order

A

zero order kinetics

in high amounts it becomes cytotoxic and neurotoxic.

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12
Q

Effects of Sedative Drugs

A 
Relaxation, Fatigue
carefree feelings
uninhibited behaviours
Amnesia
hallucinations
psychosis
anxiety
hopelessness
depression/suicidal thoughts
mental health conditions
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13
Q

Opioids

A

Antagonist: Narcan
Inhibits Substance P
MU receptor is where analgesia happens
MU2 has a higher degree of physical dependancy
the more we use opioids the less effective they are
Bradycardia and apnea, low BP, constricted pupils, hypoxia and apnea are dangers of overdose

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14
Q

Fentanyl

A

High efficacy and potency

Very lipophilic, crosses into CNS, lowers VS, MU kappa receptors bound.

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15
Q

Heroin

A

Highly lipophilic, crosses BBB rapidly.

Give narcan

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16
Q

Sedative Hypnotics/hallucinogens

A

Increased serotonin and dopamine
NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist
Hallucinations, altered perceptions, sedation and amnesia

drugs:
Psilocybin (mushrooms)
dymethyltryptamine (DMT)
Ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP)
Quaaludes (methaqualone)
17
Q

Mushrooms

A

psilocin and psilocybin active ingredients

Negative neuroplasticity with exposure

18
Q

DMT (dymethyltryptamine)

A

Negative neuroplastiticy

19
Q

Ketamine

A

date rape drug

high sedation, amnesia and resp depression

20
Q

PCP

A

closely related to ketamie, first excitation phase with serotinin/dopamine and then sedation phase with glutamate and opiod receptors

21
Q

Cannabinoids

A

THC agonizes CB1 and CB2 receptors which are found in CNS and PNS. mostly in hippocampus and amygala. (induction of amnesia bc amygdala is memory filter)

CBD: modulates cb1, 2 and others. increases serotonin, dopamine and anadamide (short term memory loss)

22
Q

Effects of CBD, THC

A

increased appetite, decreased pain, alterations in emotional and cognitive processes
loss of focus and memory
increased dopamine ivertime
psychosis risk with exposure

Can be used to treat seizures and nausea

23
Q

ADME for Cannabis

A 
lipophilic, re-release from fatty tissues back into the blood and prolongs half life. 
CYP450 metabolized (alcohol CYP450 as well)

cleared slower the more it is used

24
Q

THC resin

A

highly concentrated THC, hallucinations and volatile VS changes.

25
Q

Short term effects of THC

A 
altered mood
impaired memory
relaxation
uninhibition of behaviour
HR changes
psychosis
26
Q

Long term effects of THC

A

Decreased brain synapses
poor memory, learning, IQ decline
hallucinations, paranoia, psychosis

27
Q

Withdrawal of Cannabis

A

use Buspirone

anxiolytic, 5HT1A antagonist - doesn’t cause sedation, can also be used to tx depression

NURS216A (15 decks)

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