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NURS216A > Perfusion 6 > Flashcards

Perfusion 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Effect of ACE and ARBs

A

decrease BP by vasodilating

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2
Q

Treatment for MI

A 
Organic nitrates
Angioplasty
Oxygenation
Antiplatelets
Glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors
Morphine
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3
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Catecholamines:

  • adrenaline,
  • Noradrenaline
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4
Q

Adrenal Cortex:

A

Steroid Hormones:

  • glucocorticoids: cortisol
  • mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
  • Androgens (androstenedione)
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5
Q

Renal Insufficiency in Athletes happens when?

A

When athletes have repeat stress (depletion of cortisol)

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6
Q

Signs and Symptoms of renal insufficiency in athletes

A

Salt craving,
fatigue
hypoglycemia
hyponatremia

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7
Q

Primary Renal Insufficiency:

A

Addisons disease

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8
Q

Secondary Renal Insufficiency

A

head injury: low aldosterone and cortisol will show up. Dehydration and hypotension.

tx: give dethamexasone (glucocorticosteroids)
SE could see masking of inflammation, anxiety, hypertension, high blood glucose

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9
Q

Cushings disease and high glucocorticosteroid therapy

A

can kill the adrenal gland, can develop with the tx of lupus

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10
Q

Keto Diet

A

yields acidic key tones which can damage the renals, liver. pts on this diet should be monitored by the physician

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11
Q

Primary Pulmonary HTN

A

idiopathic, rare, complex and hereditary. linked to low NO production

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12
Q

Secondary Pulmonary HTN

A

comes second to a disease ec. COPD

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13
Q

Tx of Pulmonary HTN

A

Nipride given through ET tube for local efficacy on lungs

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14
Q

Drugs affecting Preload

A

diuretics

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15
Q

Drugs affecting Afterload

A

vasodilators

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16
Q

Right Sided Heart Failure

A

S&S
peripheral edema, weight gain, organ congestion, (liver, renal, GI), ischemia, LOC changes and fatigue.

will also present with JVD

17
Q

Left Sided HF

A

S&S
pulmonary edema, hypoxia, cyanosis, can hear crackles on auscultation, cough. exercise intolerant.
pt will be restless and nervous looking

18
Q

Tell Tale signs of HF

A 
Hypotension and hypoxemia
Enzyme release (troponin and CKMB)
19
Q

What do the enzymes released during HF do?

A

they attempt to protect airways from dilation (SNS) so they cause constrictions which causes pulmonary hypertension. we have CO with no where to go. hypertrophy happens in ventricles

20
Q

HF Medication Classes

A 
Adrenergic Antagonists
DIrect acting Vasodilators
Calcium Channel Antagonists
ACE inhibitors
Diuretics
Cardiac glycosides
P inhibitors
Adrenergic
21
Q

Cardiac Glycosides

A

from plant Digitalis

  • all meds have -digi
  • increases contractility via more Calcium in cell. decreased HR because of slowing nodal transmission.
    meds: digoxin, digitoxin

Narrow TI, must monitor
antidote is digibind
se: N&V

22
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A

block enzyme phosphodiesterase (increase cAMP)
- increased contractility in myocardial cells, vasodilation

causes contraction to last longer

meds: milrinone, amirinone

23
Q

Adrenergic agonists

A

B1 specific: dobutamine

Dopamine HCL-precurser to NE, stimulates catecholemines

will increase contractility and increase CO, will inhibit CO if too much in blood.

24
Q

Acute Heart Failure

A 
Loop Diuretics (lasix)
DIrect acting vasodilators/Organic Nitrates (nipride, Nitroglycerine)
B1 Agonists (dobutamine)
25
Q

Biggest Cause of Cardiogenic shock?

A

Left ventricular failure

26
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Heart wall gets weak and ventricle gets bigger, ventricle fills with more blood and can’t contract.

27
Q

Chronic Heart Failure discharge meds

A

Cardiac glycosides

ACE/ARBs

28
Q

SVT

A

Atrial Fibrillation:

SVT (repeat stimulation of SA node)

29
Q

AV Node dysfunction leads to…

A

Heart Block, V fib

30
Q

PNS Stimulation leads to (vagus nerve)

A

Bradycardia

31
Q

Arrhythmia Tx

A

decrease Sa/AV node conduction:
digoxin, ablation

slowing repolarization
-lidocaine (na channel blocker),
amiodarone (K channel blocker)

32
Q

Ablation

A

pt gets their re-entry mechanism cauterized

33
Q

Vtach/Vfib Treatment order

A

CPR/Get airway and IV

Defibrillate

Epi (1mg every 5 mins)

Amiodarone (300 mg bolus)

34
Q

Asystole treatment order

A

CPR and get IV/airway

Epi (1 mg every 5 mins)

Consider pacing

35
Q

SVT tx

A

Cardioversion

adenosine

antiarrhythmics

can apply ice

36
Q

Bradycardia treatment order

A

Get airway and IV
Assess HR for CPR

atropine (.5 mg every 3-5min)
or adrenergic infusions:
-Dopamine IV
-Epi IV

pacing

NURS216A (15 decks)

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