Drugs to treat Endo-, Myo- and Pericarditis Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
what drug classes are used to treat myocarditis?
A
ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blocker Aldosterone receptor blocker Beta blockers Diuretics
2
Q
what is the common suffix for ACE inhibitors?
A
-pril
3
Q
what is the common suffix for angiotensin II receptor blockers?
A
-sartan
4
Q
what ACE inhibitors are used to treat myocarditis?
A
Baking Can Enable Fat Losers
Benazepril Captopril Enalapril Fosinopril Lisinopril
5
Q
what are some adverse reactions of benazepril?
A
alopecia anaphylactic reactions angina angioedema anxiety
6
Q
what are contraindications for giving benazepril?
A
ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema agranulocytosis ACE inhibitor hypersensitivity aoritc stenosis black patients (?) bone marrow suppression breast feeding cardiomyopathy CVD children
7
Q
what must be monitored when giving benazepril?
A
BP
creatinine/BUN
potassium
sodium
8
Q
what are some adverse reactions of captopril?
A
abdominal pain
agranulocytosis
alopecia
anaphylactic reaction
9
Q
what are contraindications for giving captopril?
A
*Sulphur allergy* ACE inhibitor induced angioedema angioedema ACE inhibitor hypersensitivitiy aortic stenosis
10
Q
what must be monitored when giving captopril?
A
BP
creatinine/BUN
potassium
sodium
11
Q
what are some adverse reactions of enalapril?
A
abd pain alopecia anaphylacic reaction anemia angina angioedema anorexia anxiety arrhythmia exacerbation
12
Q
what are contraindications to giving enalapril?
A
ACE inhibitor induced angioedema angioedema black patients breast feeding children geriatric heart failure hepatic disease hyperkalemia
13
Q
what must be monitored when giving enalapril?
A
BP
LFTs
bilirubin
14
Q
what is the black box warning of enalapril?
A
Fetal toxicity
15
Q
what are some adverse reactions of fosinopril?
A
abd pain agranulocytosis anaphylactic reaction anemia angina angioedema arthralgia azotemia bradycardia bronchospasm
16
Q
what are contraindications to giving fosinopril?
A
ACE inhibitor induced angioedema angioedema ACE inhibitor hypersensitivity aortic stenosis autoimmune disease black patients bone marrow suppression breast feeding cardiomyopathy CVD
17
Q
what must be monitored when giving fosinopril?
A
BP
creatinine/BUN
potassium
sodium
18
Q
what is the block box warning of fosinopril?
A
fetal toxicity
19
Q
what are indications for giving benazepril?
A
HTN management
treatment for HF
20
Q
what are indications for giving captopril?
A
HTN management
CHF
diabetic neuropathy
scleroderma
21
Q
what are indications for giving enalapril?
A
*stroke prophylaxis* diabetic neuropathy HF HTN management proteinuria
22
Q
what are indications for giving fosinopril?
A
HF
HTN management
proteinuria
23
Q
what are indications for giving lisinopril?
A
HTN management
HF
acute MI
24
Q
what drugs interaction with lisinopril?
A
diuretics
antidiabetics
NSAIDs
25
what are contraindications to giving lisinopril?
hypersensitivity
| angioedema
26
what are some adverse reactions to lisinopril?
```
alopecia
anaphylacic reaction
anemia
angioedema
arthralgia
asthenia
azotemia
blurred vision
```
27
what is the black box warning of lisinopril?
fetal toxicity
28
what angiotensin II receptor blockers are used to treat myocarditis?
Valsartan
| Losartan
29
what are indications for giving valsartan?
HTN management
HF
Post MI
30
what are adverse reactions of valsartan?
```
allergic reaction
asthenia
palpitations
pruritis/rash
constipation
dry mouth
myalgia
anxiety
dyspnea
vertigo
impotence
```
31
what is the black box warning of valsartan?
fetal toxicity
32
what are indications for giving losartan?
HTN management
stroke prevention
diabetic nephropathy
33
what are some adverse reactions of losartan?
```
abd pain
alopecia
anaphylacic reaction
anemia
angina
angioedema
anorexia
anxiety
arrhythmia exacerbation
```
34
what are contraindications to giving losartan?
```
ACE inhibitor induced angioedema
angioedema
black patients
breast feeding
children
geriatrics
HF
hepatic disease
hyperkalemia
hypotension
hypovolemia
```
35
what must be monitored when giving losartan?
BP
LFTs
bilirubin
36
what is the black box warning of losartan?
fetal toxicity
37
what beta blockers are used to treat myocarditis?
Carvedilol - nonselective alpha and beta blocker
Bisoprolol - beta 1 blocker
Metoprolol - beta 1 blocker
38
what are indications for giving carvedilol?
CHF
post MI left ventricular dysfunction
HTN management
39
what are contraindications to giving cavedilol?
```
bronchial asthma or bronchospamsic conditions
second or third degree AV block
severe bradycardia
hepatic impairement
hypersensitivity
```
40
what are adverse reactions of carvedilol?
```
dizziness
fatigue
hypotension
diarrhea
hyperglycemia
asthenia
bradycardia
weight gain
```
41
what must be monitored when giving carvedilol?
BP
| HR
42
what can happen if you abruptly stop beta blockers?
acute exacerbation of coronary artery disease
43
what are indications for giving bisoprolol?
angina
afib
CHF
HTN management
44
what are contraindications for giving bisoprolol?
acute bronchospasm
acute HF
asthma
45
what are adverse reactions of bisoprolol?
```
acne
alopecia
angina
angioedema
arthralgia
asthenia
AV block
back pain
bradycardia
bronchospasm
cough
depression
```
46
what must be monitored when giving bisoprolol?
BP
HR
creatitine/BUN
47
what are indications for giving metoprolol?
```
acute MI
angina
afib/aflutter
cardiomyopathy
HF
HTN management
migraine prophylaxis
tremor
CV mortality prevention
```
48
what are contraindications for giving metoprolol?
```
acute bronchospasm
acute HF
asthma
AV block
hypersensitivity
bradycardia
breast feeding
bronchitis
cardiogenic shock
CV disease
```
49
what are some adverse reactions of metoprolol?
```
abd pain
agranulocytosis
alopecia
amnesia
anxiety
arthralgia
AV block
blurred vision
```
50
what must be monitored when giving metoprolol?
BP
| HR
51
what diuretic is used to treat myocarditis?
furosemide
52
what are indications for giving furosemide?
edema associated with:
CHF
pulmonary edema
impaired GI absorption
53
what are contraindications to giving furosemide?
anuria
| hx of hypersensitivity
54
what are adverse reactions of furosemide?
```
water/electrolyte depletion
dry mouth
thirst
weakness
lethargy
myalgia
hypotension
oliguria
tachycardia
arrhythmia
N/V
```
55
what drugs should not be used with furosemide?
aminoglycoside antibiotics
| ethacrynic acid - ototoxicity
56
what aldosterone receptor blocker is used to treat myocarditis?
spironolactone
57
what are indications to giving spironolactone?
```
CHF
edema management
HTN management
hepatic/nephrotic syndrome
primary hyperaldosteronism
```
58
what are contraindications to giving spironolactone?
hypokalemia
addison's disease
concomitant use of Eplerenone
59
what are some adverse reactions of spironolactone?
```
hyperkalemia
hypotension
impaired renal function
electrolyte dysfunction
gynecomastia
```
60
what drugs interact with spironolactone?
agents that increase potassium
Lithium
NSAIDs
61
what drugs are used to treat pericarditis?
glucocorticoids
| NSAIDs
62
what is the first line treatment for pericarditis?
NSAIDs
63
when should glucocorticoids be used to treat pericarditis?
only in patients with NSAID contraindications:
history of peptic ulcer
> 65 y/o
concurrent use of ASA, corticsosteroids or anticoagulants
64
what two drugs are the preferred NSAIDs for treating pericarditis?
ibuprofen
| colchicine
65
what are contraindications to giving ibuprofen?
acute gastric or duodenal ulcer
significant hepatic impairment or active liver disease
impaired renal function
66
what are some adverse reactions of ibuprofen?
decreased appetite
| edema/fluid retention
67
what are some indications for giving colchicine?
gout
| pericarditis
68
what are contraindications to giving colchicine?
patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment
| drugs that inhibit CYP3A4
69
what are some adverse reactions of colchicine?
GI symptoms:
N/V
diarrhea
abd pain
70
what drugs are used to treat endocarditis?
```
antibacterials:
#1 choice is vancomycin because it covers staph, strep and enterococci
```
71
what is a contraindication to giving vancomycin?
hypersensitivity
72
what are adverse reactions to vacomycin?
```
anaphylaxis
"red man syndrome" (that sounds racist)
AKI
hearing loss
neutropenia
C. diff
```
73
what drugs interact with vancomycin?
anesthetic agents:
| may cause erythema and histamine-like flushing
