EKG Flashcards by Tanner KG

what heart rate is considered tachycardia?

100 BPM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what heart rate is considered bradycardia

< 60 bpm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the intervals between each dark line on an ECG

.2 seconds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the interval between each of the tiny boxes on an ECG

.04 seconds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the BPM intervals between .2 second lines on an ECG

300

150

100

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the corresponding lead angles for lead I

0, 180

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the corresponding lead angles for lead II

+60, -120

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the corresponding lead angles for lead III

+120, -60

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the lead angles for lead AVL

-30, +150

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the lead angles for lead AVF

-90, +90

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the lead angles for lead AVR

-150, +30

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What should the basis of treatment be for sinus tachycardia?

Look for cause and treat that!

Caffiene, stress, anxiety, Dr. hillard

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What features of the sinus node makes it the dominant cardiac pacemaker?

Highest intrinsic discharge rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

You have a young athetic person who likes BDSM. They are a sub and wear a really tight collar. What physiologic heart rhythm are they most likely to have

bradycardia

caused by anything that massages carotid, obstructive jaundice, sliding hiatial hernia, valsalva maneuver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What prevelent drugs can cause bradycardia?

Digitalis

drugs that inhibit sympathetic tone

Beta blockers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If bradycarida becomes severe enough needing treatment, what is the first line treatment

Atropine .3 -> .5 | 1 mg -> 2mg IV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What three types of premature contraction can a person experience

Premature Atrial Contraction

Premature Junctional Beat

Premature Ventricular Contraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of arythmia is seen in people without significant heart disease but can be associated with stress, alchohol, tobacco, coffee, COPD, and CAD?

Premature Atrial Contraction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the key ECG feautre of Premature Atrial Contaction

a second P wave before the QRS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 2 types of PAC you can see on ECG

Normally conducted

Blocked PAC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the treatment of symptomatic PAC

reverse causes

Beta Blockers - metoprolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

Suddent HR above 100 (150-200)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the key ECG findings of PAT with AV block

Rapid rate, spiked P’ waves

2:1 ratio of P’:QRS

Cause: digitalis toxicity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the key findings on ECG for Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

3 or mor different P waves
P-R interval variable
Associated with lung disease (Right sided deviation)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the treatment for multifocal atrial tachycardia?

- Calcium channel blocker

Describe ECG of Atrial Flutter and the best leads to check

Saw tooth appearance Leads II, III, AVF, V

Describe the ECG of paroxysmal junctional (nodal) rhythms

- 150 - 200 BPM tachy - Pwave lost or inverted before or after each QRS

What are the characteristics of an ECG with Preventricular Contractions?

- Premature, bizarre, wide QRS - No preceding P wave - ST-T wave moves opposite direction of QRS - Full compensatory pause

What is it called when some one throws more than 6 preventricular contractions?

V-Tach (ventricular tachycardia)

What situation in a PVC can predispose someone to vtach?

if th PVC lands on a T wave

Someone just has an ischemic attack on their ol ticker. However, they got to the hospital and got that good clotbuster and his heart is being reperfused. what arrythmia must we be concerned about?

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (i think this is still V-Tach)

What is hallmark of a Torsades de Pointes

QRS swings from positive to negative direction inherited: prolonged QT aquired: Class I II antiarrhythmetics, Alcohol, TCA

What is the treatment for torsades de pointes

MgSO4, 1-2 g IV bolus Override pacing Isoproternol

What is VFib

Disorganized contractility. This is what Coding is. NOT ASYSTOLE

What is an AV block?

a block in the cardiac conduction system that causes a disruption of atrial to ventricular conduction

What is hallmarck of a first degree AV block?

PR interval \>.2 seconds (normal .12 - .2 sec)

What disease processes can precipatate 1 degree AV block

Athersclerosis HTN Dibeetus Fibrosis - Ischemia

What are the 2 types of second degree A-V block

Mobitz I (Wencke Bach) Mobitz II

What is hallmark of Mobitz I type 2 degree AV block?

Progressive PR-interval prologation prior to droped QRS Grouped beats can be seen in INFERIOR MI

What causes Mobitz type II AV block

Ischemic heart disease, ANTERIOR MI

Describe Mobitz II 2 AV block

uniform PR interval Dropped QRS

Describe a third degree (complete) heartblock

P waves dont relate to QRS if occurs above AV node - narrow QRS (40-55) If occurs below AV node - wide QRS (20-40)

What are the common features of BBB

- Wide QRS Complex (.12 sec or greater) - ST segments - T wave slope opposite QRS

What is characteristic of a right bundle branch block?

QRS segment with R' present in V1 and V2

What is characteristic of Left bundle branch block?

R' locsted in leads I, AVL, V5, V6

What disease process is associated with LBBB

HTN Ischemia Aortic Stenosis Cardiomyopathy

What is a hemiblock or fascicular block?

Block of a division of a bundle branch Left - anterior(more common)/posterior

What are the characteristics of a LAH

Left axis deviation small Q in I;AVL Small R in II, III, AVF

What is the criteria of LPH

- Right axis deviation - Small R leads I and AVL - Small Q in II, III, AVF S1Q3

what changes occur in Right Atrial Enlargement?

looks like a ski slope in II and VI

What disease processes are associated with RAE

Pulmonary diseases - PH. COPD, Mitral stenosis, Mitral regurgitation

Describe the characteristics of a Left Atrial Enlargement

P mitral M shaped wave or has P wave with immediate inversion.

As a consequence of increasing force needed to eject blood from enlarged ventricles, what changes do you expect to be observed in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

-QRS complex increases -- deeper S waves over RV -- Taller R waves over LV

What are the Romhilt-Estes Scoring System Criteria

R or S in limb lead 20 MM or more S in V1 V2 V3 25 mm or more R in V5 V6 30 mm or more and ST shift

What are the Sokolow Lyon Criteria

R in I + S in III \> 25 mm R in AVL \> 11 R in V6 \> 26 mm

What are the clues suggesting RVH

RAD 90 degrees or more R in V1 7 mm or more R in V1 + S in V6 10 MM or more R/S ratio V1 \>1 S/R ratio in V6 \> 1

What effect will low potassium have on ECG

Smaller QRS

What effect will high potassium have on ECG

wider QRS

What does low calcium do to ECG

prolong QT interval

What is the hallmark finding of hyperkalemia on ECG

peaked T wave, wide QRS, increased PR interval

What is the hall mark of hypothermia

Bradycardia and J wave (osborne wave)

What are the ECG findings associated with PE

S1 Q3 T3 T wave inversion in V1-4 Transient RBBB

What are the ECG findings associated with Wolff-Parkinson -White syndrome

Short P-R interval Slurred upstroked - (delta wave)

In which populations is Brugada's disease most prominent

Asian Men Sloped ST segments V1-3

What do dual pace maker EKG look like?

Twin Towers in lead III

EKG Flashcards

(65 cards)