Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CPR Exam 1 > Vascular Pathology > Flashcards

Vascular Pathology Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What histological structure do arteries contain that veins do not?

A

Internal Elastic Membrane.
Arteries= Elastic
Veins= Distensible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At what level of systemic circulation is blood pressure mainly controlled?

A

Arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can cause arteriovenous malformations?

A
  1. Rupture of arterial aneurysm into adjacent vein
  2. Penetrating injury that pierces artery and vein
  3. Inflammatory necrosis
  4. Iatrogenic (gain vascular access)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Complications of AVM’s

A

Seizures
Hemorrhage
Neural Deficits if in brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe a Berry Aneurysm

A

Aneurysm in the circle of Willis most commonly between anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries.

“Worst HA of your life”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk factors for a Saccular (Berry) Aneurysm

A
  1. HTN
  2. Smoking
  3. Polycystic Kidney Dz
  4. Marfan’s or Ehler-Danlos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

A

Focal thickening of M/L arteries that creates a “beads on a string” angiography.

Commonly affects renal arteries. Epigastric abd bruit commonly present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 most important receptors that control heart rate and contractility

A

B1- “1 heart” increases Inotropy and rate

M2- decreased HR and Inotropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RAAS pathway

A

Macula Densa/JG cells sense low Na+ levels/Low Pressure

JG releases Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin
Angiotensin–> Angiotensin II–> Aldosterone/vasoconstriciton–> resorbed Na and H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primary HTN

A

most common
Modifiable factors: Diet, exercise, Salt consumption, stress
Non-modifiable: Age, genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What blood pressure defines HTN

A

140/90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secondary HTN

A

caused by Kidney, Endocrine, or CV problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 causes of primary hyperaldosteronism

A
  1. Idiopathic
  2. Adrenal Adenoma
  3. Glucocorticoid suppression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cushing DISEASE

A

Increased ACTH release causing Increased Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cushing SYNDROME

A

Increased Cortisol caused by adrenal release; Independent of ACTH release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Catecholamine-releasing tumor.
HTN, Tachy, HA, diaphoresis, tremor.

Test urine for plasma metanephrines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary cause of Renal Artery Stenosis

A

Atheroslcerosis

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symptoms of Coartctation of the Aorta

A

HTN in UE with Hypotension in LE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hyaline Arteriosclerosis vs. Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis

A

Hyaline: Narrowing due to chronic HTN
Hyperplastic: Malignant HTN “onion skinning”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypertensive Crisis

A

Rapid increase in BP to >180/120

Renal failure, encephalopathy, HF, papilledema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 types of Arteriosclerosis

A
  1. Arteriosclerosis due to HTN
  2. Atherosclerosis due to plaque
  3. Monckeburg medial sclerosis due to calcification (not clinically significant)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Major risk factors for the development of Atherosclerosis

A

Non-modifiable:

  1. Genetics
  2. FH
  3. Age (>40)
  4. Male

Modifiable:

  1. Hyperlipidemia
  2. Hypertension
  3. Smoking
  4. the betus
  5. Stress, obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does Atherosclerosis occur?

A

Vascular Injury causes activation of endothelium that leads to pro coagulation, inflammation, SM hypertrophy, and increased ECM.

Happens between Internal elastic membrane and endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Growth factors the cause smooth muscle proliferation and ECM deposition

A
  1. PDGF
  2. FGF
  3. TGF-a
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
3 bad outcomes from atherosclerotic plaque in a vessel
1. Aneurysm and rupture 2. Occlusion by thrombus 3. Critical Stenosis
26
True vs. False Aneurysm
True: intact endothelium and outpouching of all layers (similar to true diverticulum) False: defect in wall that causes a space between muscular intima and adventitia
27
Describe a dissection
Tear in intimate that causes blood to collect in a new space between endothelium and muscle intima
28
Marfan Syndrome
``` Defect in Fibrillin-1 gene Increased TGF-B causes elastic weakening MVP Arachnodactyly Lense subluxation ```
29
Ehlor Danlos Syndrome
``` Defect in collagen synthesis Hypermobile joints Berry Aneurysms Stretchy skin Poor wound healing ```
30
What can an infection with treponema pallidum cause in the CV system?
Tertiary Syphillis can cause: Aortitis destruction of vasa vasorum (obliterative endarteritis) Leads to Thoracic aortic aneurysm and Aortic valve regurge
31
Number one cause of AAA
Atherosclerosis | Remember the number one cause of Thoracic aortic aneurysm is HTN
32
What demographic should AAA be on the differential for?
Smokers and men >50y with abdominal pain, hypotension
33
What diameter is the threshold for a non ruptured AAA to consider surgery
5cm
34
4 causes of a thoracic aortic aneurysm
1. HTN 2. Syphilis 3. CT disorders (Marfan's, Ehler-Danlos) 4. Temporal and Takayasu Arteritis
35
Triad of findings to consider an Aortic Dissection
1. Thoracic pain 2. Pulse abnormal 3. Mediastinal widening
36
Describe the Debakey dissection types
Debakey I: Includes the aortic arch, ascending, and descending (most common) Debakey II: Ascending aorta only Debakey III: descending aorta only
37
Temporal Arteritis
1. Older >50y 2. Unilateral HA 3. Potential vision loss 4. Anti-endothelial Ab 5. Start Steroids right away
38
Takayasu Arteritis
1. Younger 2. "Pulseless" Disease 3. Fever, Myalgia, Arthritis, Vision issues, Night sweats 4. Mononuclear infiltrates
39
PAN
1. Hep B association 2. Type III HS (Immune-complexes) 3. Black stool 4. Malignant HTN
40
Kawasaki Disease
1. Infants and children (most common acquired heart disease in children) 2. Conjunctivitis 3. Fever 4. Coronary Aneurysm 5. Strawberry tongue 6. Give Aspirin to the kid
41
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis 1. Asthma, hypereosinophilia, lung infiltrates 2. MPO-ANCA 3. Can cause cardiomyopathy/myocarditis and infarction
42
Wegner's Disease
1. PR3-ANCA 2. Sinusitis 3. Saddle nose 4. Nasal Perforation 5. Glomerulonephritis 6. Cavitary Lung granulomas
43
Behcet's Disease
Becky gives blowjobs and gets cum in her eye on a B-51 plane Genital and mouth ulcers, uveitis HLA-B51
44
Buerger Disease
Acute and Chronic thrombosis in tibial and arterial arteries. Smokers <35y
45
Raynauds Phenomenon
Vasospasm of small arteries Primary: Symmetric involvement of digits with spontaneous remission Secondary: Asymmetric involvement with progression
46
Myocardial Vessel Vasospasm
``` Excessie vasoconstriction of coronary vessels Caused by: 1. cocaine, caffeine 2. Epinephrine/NE release 3. Elevated thyroid hormones 4. Autoimmune ```
47
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
"Broken Heart Syndrome" | Myocardial vessel vasospasm caused by emotional distress that leads to a surge of catecholamines
48
Varicose Veins
Stasis and congestion in superficial veins caused by valvular incompetence. Can lead to stasis dermatitis
49
Vena Cava Syndromes
Obstruction of the SVC or IVC by neoplasms or thrombi causes dilation of veins. Can cause swelling, distention, and edema
50
Lymphangitis
inflammation of lymphatic channels | Most commonly caused by Group A B-hemolytic strep
51
Describe Peau d' orange sign
draining lymphatics of skin overlying breast cancer cells shows a pitting edema
52
Nevus Simplex
Birth mark that regresses over time
53
Port-wine stain
angioectasia that usually persists into adulthood
54
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Trigeminal port wine nevi accompanied by mental retardation, seizures, and skull radio-opacities
55
What is the most common benign tumor of infancy and childhood?
Hemangiomas
56
Most common type of Hemangioma
Capillary Hemangioma found on skin, membranes, or viscera
57
Strawberry Hemangioma
Present at birth, usually regress
58
Cavernous Hemangioma
Dilated vascular channels making an indistinct lesion
59
Pyogenic Granuloma
Pregnancy tumor often in oral mucosa
60
What diseases are Cavernous lymphangiomas associated with?
Turner Syndrome Down's Klinefelter
61
What skin finding is associated with Catscratch Disease?
Bacillary Angiomatosis: benign, red papules

CPR Exam 1 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions