drugs week 1

Question 1

define anatomy

Answer 1

the study of structure

Question 2

define physiology

Answer 2

the study of function

Question 3

define pathophysiology

Answer 3

the study of disease processes

Question 4

Australian drug authority ?

Answer 4

TGA - therapeutic drugs administration

Question 5

define adverse drug reaction

Answer 5

undesirable response to drug

Question 6

side effect

Answer 6

desirable or undesirable response to drug

Question 7

indication?

Answer 7

illness or disorder for which the drug is used

Question 8

approved name of drug

Answer 8

generic

Question 9

drug-company name of drug

Answer 9

brand/trade name

Question 10

drug classification - what is S2

Answer 10

pharmacy medicine

Question 11

drug classification - what is S3

Answer 11

pharmacist only

Question 12

drug classification - what is S4

Answer 12

prescription only

Question 13

drug classification - what is S8

Answer 13

controlled drugs

Question 14

drug classification - what is S9

Answer 14

prohibited drugs

Question 15

define pharmacodynamics

Answer 15

how the drug affects the body

Question 16

define pharmacokinetics

Answer 16

how the body affects the drug

Question 17

define agonist

Answer 17

binds with receptor to cause an effect in the cell

Question 18

define antagonist

Answer 18

binds with receptor to block any effect in the cell(occupies but does not activate the drug receptor)

Question 19

receptor upregulation is…

Answer 19

chronic absence of agonist

Question 20

receptor down regulation is…

Answer 20

chronic excess of agonist

Question 21

ADME

Answer 21

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 22

blood vessels from the intestine transport substances first via the BLANK to the BLANK

Answer 22

hepatic portal vein to the liver

Question 23

the amount of drug metabolised by the liver is called…

Answer 23

hepatic first pass metabolism

Question 24

which routes avoid hepatic first pass

Answer 24

buccal, sublingal, some rectal (50%)

Question 25

which is the fastest of the parenteral routes

Answer 25

IV

Question 26

which is faster subcut or IM

Answer 26

IM - better blood supply

Question 27

what protein can bind to drugs in the blood and slow down their distribution ?

Answer 27

albumin

Question 28

define enterohepatic circulation

Answer 28

drugs are cycled from liver to bile(gallbladder) to small intestine via hepatic portal vein back to liver

Question 29

main site of metabolism

Answer 29

liver

Question 30

name a liver enzyme

Answer 30

CYP (cytochrome P450)

Question 31

what are prodrugs

Answer 31

drugs that are metabolised into their more active form

Question 32

after metabolism are drugs more or less active

Answer 32

less

Question 33

site of most excretion

Answer 33

kidneys(but also the liver through bile, faeces)

Question 34

site of filtration in the nephron

Answer 34

glomerulus

Question 35

define therapeutic range

Answer 35

drug concentration in blood which produces clinical benefit

Question 36

define half life

Answer 36

time for the amount of drug in plasma to half - longer half life, longer in the effective range

Question 37

define regular dosing

Answer 37

when drug is given repetitively in a fixed dose at fixed intervals it accumulates in body, reaching a plateau in the therapeutic window

Question 38

define receptor

Answer 38

Protein structure on or within a cell or membrane that is capable of binding to a specific substance (such as a transmitter, hormone or drug), initiating chemical signalling and causing altered function in the cell

Question 39

define selectivity

Answer 39

the narrowness of a drug's range of actions - which depends what particular receptors it binds to

Question 40

define specificity

Answer 40

refers to the relationship between the chemical structure of a drug and its pharmacological actions - this affects what organ/tissues it will act upon

Question 41

name any of the sources of drugs

Answer 41

micro-organisms(fungi, bacteria, yeasts etc),minerals, plants ,animals, synthesised in laboratory

Question 42

what is a proscribed drug

Answer 42

a prohibited drug

Question 43

what is bioavailability

Answer 43

the proportion of the dose that reaches the systemic circulation

Question 44

Whats a prototype drug

Answer 44

the most important drug in its class - to which other drugs can be compared ie.insulin is prototype diabetes agent

Question 45

define contra-indications

Answer 45

the medical conditions in which a drug should NOT be prescribed