drugs week 2

Question 1

name for high blood glucose

Answer 1

hyperglycaemia

Question 2

name for low blood glucose

Answer 2

hypoglycaemia

Question 3

name for normal blood glucose

Answer 3

euglycaemia

Question 4

range for euglycaemia ( fasting and after eating)

Answer 4

fasting - 3-5.4mmol/L, up to 7.7 after eating

Question 5

name 5 hormones that raise BGL

Answer 5

cortisol, adrenaline, growth hormone,thyroxine, glucagon

Question 6

glucose is coverted by glucagon into…

Answer 6

glycogen

Question 7

cells that DONT require insulin to get their glucose

Answer 7

neurons

Question 8

alpha cells of the pancreas secrete…

Answer 8

glucagon

Question 9

beta cells of the pancreas secrete

Answer 9

insulin

Question 10

glucose in urine

Answer 10

glycosuria

Question 11

3 polys of diabetes

Answer 11

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Question 12

test for raised BGL over 3 months

Answer 12

HbA1c, goal <6.5-7%

Question 13

test for diabetes

Answer 13

oral glucose tolerance test

Question 14

HbA1c tests for..

Answer 14

glycated haemoglobin

Question 15

diabetes from immune destruction

Answer 15

type 1

Question 16

diabetes from insulin resistance and then apoptosis

Answer 16

type 2

Question 17

name for excess insulin in blood

Answer 17

hyperinsulinaemia

Question 18

insulin regime of short acting bolus before meals and long acting at bedtime is….

Answer 18

basal - bolus

Question 19

what is spilt-mixed insulin regime

Answer 19

2/3 at breakfast and 1/3 at bedtime

Question 20

metformin is in the drug group of,…

Answer 20

biguanides

Question 21

name a drug from the sulfonylureas

Answer 21

gliclazide, glimepiride

Question 22

action of biguanides (3)

Answer 22

inhibits liver producing glucose, slow gastrointestinal absorption of glucose, promotes cells to use glucose

Question 23

action of sulfonylureas (3)

Answer 23

lowers BGL, increases number of insulin receptors, block the ATP-dependent potassium channels

Question 24

complications - excess insulin medication can cause

Answer 24

hypoglycaemia

Question 25

name two types of hyperglycaemia

Answer 25

diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state

Question 26

complications - high BGL (>14) and low blood ph (7.3) is..

Answer 26

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 27

complications - very high BGL (30) and normal blood ph is..

Answer 27

hyperglycaemia hyperosmolar state

Question 28

how to treat hyperglycaemia hyperosmolar state

Answer 28

electrolytes and rehydration

Question 29

how to treat diabetiic ketoacidosis

Answer 29

insulin and rehydration

Question 30

2 causes of hypoxia due to diabetes

Answer 30

glycated haemoglobin limits oxygen release, and ischaemia from damages blood vessels (atherosclerosis, thickening etc)

Question 31

complications - cataracts are formed by...

Answer 31

glucose attracting water into the lens

Question 32

complications - when the blood vessels of the eye are damaged resulting in vision loss this is called ….

Answer 32

diabetic retinopathy

Question 33

complications - when renal blood vessels are damage this is called....

Answer 33

nephropathy

Question 34

complications - diabetic neuropathy is....

Answer 34

damage to neurons, particularly peripheral

Question 35

3 reasons for diabetics having poor wound healing

Answer 35

1. hypoxia impairing recovery 2.pathogen proliferating in high BGL 3. impaired delivery of white blood cells