DSA 1: Classifying Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

What is the basis for epithelial polarity?

Answer 1

Organelles and proteins are unevenly distributed

Difference in structure and function based on basal domain, apical domain, and lateral surfaces

Question 2

What type of epithelium would you find in blood vessels (endothelium) and the lining of serous membranes (mesothelium)?

Answer 2

Simple squamous

Question 3

What type of epithelium would you find in kidney tubules, glands and ducts, terminal bronchioles, and covering the ovaries?

Answer 3

Simple cuboidal

Question 4

What type of epithelium would you find lining the alveoli of the lungs, loop of Henle in the kidney, and in various ducts?

Answer 4

Simple squamous

Question 5

What type of epithelium would you find in some glands and ducts, auditory tubes, uterus, oviducts, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and bile ducts?

Answer 5

Simple columnar

Question 6

What type of epithelium would you find lining the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi?

Answer 6

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

Question 7

____________ are apical extensions similar to cilia but they lack microtubules

Answer 7

Stereocilia/stereovilli

Question 8

What type of epithelium is found in urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra?

Answer 8

Urothelium

Question 9

What type of epithelium is found in the mouth, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, urethra, and cornea?

Answer 9

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 10

What differentiates nonkeratinized stratified squamous tissue from keratinized stratified squamous tissue?

Answer 10

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous retain their nuclei and orgnalles in the apical layer while keratinized do not

Question 11

What type of epithelium would you find in sweat glands and ducts, ovarian follicles, and salivary gland ducts?

Answer 11

Stratified cuboidal

Question 12

What are the 4 types of apical specializations?

Answer 12

Cilia
Flagella
Microvilli
Stereocilia

Question 13

Cilia are mobile projections comprised of ______________.

They are extensions of the ___________, and the basal body core anchors extended cilia.

Answer 13

Microtubules

Cytoskeleton

Question 14

Cilia beat in a wave-like fashion to propel substances across the tissue, like ________, _______, or debris

They are up to 10mm long and up to 300+ may be present.

Answer 14

Mucous; oocytes

Question 15

Which apical specialization is specialized for absorption and forms the brush border?

Answer 15

Microvilli

Question 16

___________ are long, non-motile, microvilli

Answer 16

Stereocilia

Question 17

What provides rigidity to stereocilia?

Answer 17

Actin core

Question 18

Where would you find stereocilia?

Answer 18

Male reproductive tract

Inner ear

Question 19

What 2 proteins are associated with tight junctions?

Answer 19

Claudin

Occludin

Question 20

Tight junctions encircle cells near their most _______ surface. Molecules may pass through cells, but not in between

Answer 20

Apical

Question 21

What is another name for tight junctions

Answer 21

Zonula occludens

Question 22

Zonula adherens junctions contain __________ and ________ proteins which bind to ________ filaments

Answer 22

Cadherin; catenin; actin

Question 23

Zonula adherens junctions encircle the _____ surface of cells and are ______ to the tight junction

Answer 23

Apical

Deep

Question 24

What is another name for zonula adherens?

Answer 24

Adhering junctions

Question 25

___________ junctions are fluid-filled channels that connect apposed cells and mediate communication

Answer 25

Gap

Question 26

What proteins are associated with gap junctions?

Answer 26

Connexin aggregates

Question 27

___________ are thickened plaques located at sites of mechanical stress and provide strength and rigidity

Answer 27

Desmosomes

Question 28

What proteins are associated with desmosomes?

Answer 28

Cadherins, which bind to intermediate filaments

Question 29

What is another name for desmosomes?

Answer 29

Macula adherens

Question 30

Cadherin:cadherin junctions bind __________

Answer 30

Intercellularly

Question 31

________ anchor epithelial cells to underlying basal lamina

Answer 31

Hemidesmosomes

Question 32

What proteins are associated with hemidesmosomes?

Answer 32

Integrins and intermediate filaments

Question 33

__________ _________ is a specialized sheet of extracellular material that acts as a selective barrier between tissues and permits diffusion of nutrients

Answer 33

Basement membrane

Question 34

With ________ glands, the gland product is released onto the surface With ________ glands, the gland product is released into the blood

Answer 34

Exocrine Endocrine

Question 35

_________ cells are unicellular glands that synthesize and secrete mucous (mucin). They are scattered throughout epithelia

Answer 35

Goblet

Question 36

What type of epithelial cell is a goblet cell?

Answer 36

Modified columnar

Question 37

Which portion of an exocrine gland is the secretory portion?

Answer 37

Acinus

Question 38

Which portion of an exocrine gland is the conducting portion?

Answer 38

Duct

Question 39

The duct system of a gland may be simple or _________. The acinar component may be ________or acinar.

Answer 39

Compound Tubular

Question 40

Where would you find mesothelium and what type of epithelium is it?

Answer 40

Peritoneum Pleura Pericardium Simple squamous

Question 41

Goblet cells are often present among the ________ epithelial cell. They can be distinguished by a dilated, goblet-like apical cytoplasm containing mucous material. Mucous is released into the lumen and coats epithelial cell surfaces. The _______ ________ consists of loose CT located beneath the epithelium

Answer 41

Lamina propria

Question 42

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium consists of what 3 major cell types?

Answer 42

Columnar cells with apical cilia Basal cells anchored to basal lamina Goblet cells between basal lamina and lumen

Question 43

What are the 2 major cell types of the epididymal epithelium?

Answer 43

Columnar cells with stereocilia Basal cells attached to lamina

Question 44

What 3 cell types make up the urothelium?

Answer 44

Dome-shaped superficial cells Pyriform-shaped intermediate Polyhedral-shaped basal

Question 45

A characteristic of urothelium is its _________ configuration in response to distention and contraction tensional forces caused by urine. ________ of aggregated proteins (uroplakins) are found in apical PMs of dome-shaped superficial cells

Answer 45

Transitional Plaques