DSA Special Sense Taste And Smell - 4/9 Karius

Question 1

Odorant receptors are what kind?

Act through what mechanism?

Answer 1

GPCR

cAMP and influx of Ca and Na

Question 2

The axons of the olfactory neurons pass through what?

Synapse on what?

Answer 2

Cribriform plate

Neurons of the olfactory bulb

Question 3

What cells are responsible for connecting axons between the glomerular cells?

Answer 3

Periglomerular cells

Question 4

What cells do olfactory neurons synapse on?

Answer 4

Mitral cell

Question 5

What are the 3 types of post-synaptic neurons?

Answer 5

Mitral cells
Tufted cells
Periglomerular cells

Question 6

What do periglomerular cells release at their synaptic contacts?

Answer 6

GABA

Question 7

What do granular cells release?

What do they synapse with?

Answer 7

GABA

Mitral and tufted cells

Question 8

What is the first possible synapse from the olfactory cortex?

Answer 8

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Question 9

Where does the entorhinal cortex project to?

This area is important for what?

Answer 9

Hippocampus

Memory formation

Question 10

Where does the piriform cortex project to?

Important for what?

Answer 10

Lateral hypothalamus

Appetite control

Question 11

Where else does the piriform cortex project to?
Via what?

Important for what?

Answer 11

Medial orbitofrontal cortex via the thalamus

Information to ID flavor of foods

Question 12

What ion is responsible for the sour taste?

Answer 12

H+

Question 13

What ions are responsible for the salt taste?

Answer 13

Na or Ca

Question 14

What activates the umami taste receptor?

Answer 14

Metabotropic glutamate

Question 15

Gustatory inputs travel how?

Answer 15

1st in NTS
Then to the thalamus
Finally into the Gustatory Cortex (includes anterior insular cortex)

Question 16

From the thalamus, what side tract may the axons from taste go to?

Answer 16

Lateral hypothalamus -> impacts appetite

Question 17

What is strongly involved in IDing basic taste and innate responses to sweet or aversion to bitter?

Answer 17

Gustatory cortex

Question 18

The perception of flavor requires what?

Answer 18

Gustatory input from the gustatory cortex
Olfactory input from the olfactory cortex
Somatosensory info from the mouth

Question 19

Neurons from the 3 areas of the cortex for flavor perception send axons where?

Produce what?

Answer 19

Lateral posterior orbitofrontal cortex

Sensation of flavor and appreciation of food

Question 20

Afferents from taste buds in the tongue travel via what CNs? To synapse where?

Where do they go next?

Final location?

Answer 20

7,9,10 to synapse in NTS

Ascend via ipsilateral medial lemniscus to ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus

Anterior insula/frontal operculum in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex

Question 21

What does a serotonin reuptake inhibitor do?

Answer 21

Reduce sensitivity to sweet and bitter

Question 22

What does a NE reuptake inhibitor do?

Answer 22

Reduces bitter and sour thresholds

Question 23

What receptor does umami taste use?

Answer 23

Metabotropic Glutamate receptor mGluR4

Question 24

Sweet and bitter tastes use what receptors?

Answer 24

2nd messengers

Question 25

How does Gustducin work?

Answer 25

Lowers cAMP

INC IP3 -> depolarization

Question 26

Which cells of the taste buds are most mature?

What type are they?

Answer 26

Light cells

Type II

Question 27

What is the most important job of odorant-binding proteins according to Karius?

Answer 27

Partition hydrophobic ligands from the air to an aqueous phase

Question 28

Where do tufted cells relay information to?

Answer 28

Anterior olfactory nucleus

Olfactory tubercle

Question 29

Information from the accessory olfactory bulb goes where? Via what?

Then where?

Answer 29

Amygdala via mitral cell

Hypothalamus

Question 30

Where are odorant receptors located?

Answer 30

Cilia that protrude into the mucus layer