Histology Of Eye And Ear - 4/8 Olinger

Question 1

What is the transition zone between the cornea and sclera called?

Answer 1

Limbus

Question 2

Describe the layers of the cornea from outer to inner:

Answer 2

Thick corneal epithelium
Bowman's layer
Stroma
Descernet's membrane
Corneal epithelium

Question 3

How is Bowman’s cells layer anchored to the corneal epithelium?

Answer 3

Hemidesmosomes

Question 4

The ciliary processes are attached to the lens via what?

What is it important in?

Answer 4

Zonule fibers/suspensory ligament

Accommodation

Question 5

Which layer of the iris is lacking epithelium?

Answer 5

Anterior surface

Question 6

Where is the blind spot/area w/out photo receptor cells?

Answer 6

Papilla

Question 7

Where is the highest visual acuity location?

Answer 7

Fovea centralis

Question 8

What produces the macula Lutea?

Located where?

Answer 8

Xanthophyll pigments

Retinal cells

Question 9

Detachment of the retina results in what functionally?

Caused by what?

Answer 9

Separation of 2 layers of retina

Trauma, vascular disease, metabolic disorders, aging

Question 10

Where do bipolar cell axons synapse onto ganglion cell dendrites?

Answer 10

Inner plexiform layer

Question 11

Where do photo receptor cell axons synapse onto bipolar cell dendrites?

Answer 11

Outer plexiform layer

Question 12

The nuclei of rods and cones are located where?

Answer 12

Outer nuclear layer

Question 13

Where are the nuclei of bipolar cells located?

Answer 13

Inner nuclear layer

Question 14

What do horizontal cells synapse with?

Answer 14

Rods and cones

Question 15

What do amacrine cells synapse with?

Answer 15

Axons of bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglion cells

Question 16

What makes aqueous humor?

Answer 16

Epithelial lining of the ciliary process

Question 17

Describe the pathway of aqueous humor:

Answer 17

Ciliary process -> posterior chamber -> anterior chamber -> trabecular meshwork -> Canal of Schlemm -> aqueous and episcleral veins

Question 18

What causes Glaucoma?

Answer 18

Obstruction of aqueous humor that causes increased intraoccular pressure

Via blockage of meshwork or Schlemm

Question 19

Describe the cells located in the anterior lens

Middle region

Equatorial region

Answer 19

Flattened cells

Elongated cells, heavy mitosis

Cortical lens fibers

Question 20

Cataracts is what?

Caused by what?

Answer 20

Opacity of the lens caused by change in the solubility of lens proteins

Aging and diabetes

Question 21

Function of tarsal glands?

Answer 21

Secrete a lipid-containing product that retards evaporation of the tear film

Question 22

Describe the conjunctiva, and what is the fx?

Answer 22

Stratified-to columnar epithelium w/goblet cells, supported by a thin LP

Fx: moisten eyeball

Question 23

What is the tensor tympani muscle attached to?

Answer 23

Malleus

Question 24

The peri lymphatic duct extends from where to where?

Dumps what?

Answer 24

Vestibular area (saccule and utricle)

Subarachnoid space

Perilymph fluid into CSF

Question 25

The endolymph communicates how? Located where?

Answer 25

With the endolymphatic duct to the endolymphatic sac Subdural space

Question 26

The cilia most responsible for depolarization of hyperpolarization of the utricle and saccule is what? IN or OUTward movement for depolarization?

Answer 26

Kinocilium Inward movement for depolarization (towards kinocilium)

Question 27

All the canals communicated where?

Answer 27

Utricle

Question 28

In the ampulla of the semicircular canal, Type 1 hair cells are located where? Type 2?

Answer 28

Ridge of the crista Base of cupula

Question 29

How does sound enter the cochlea? Exit?

Answer 29

Oval window Round window

Question 30

What makes up the cochlear duct?

Answer 30

Scala vestibuli, media, tympani

Question 31

What separates Scala vestibuli from Scala media?

Answer 31

Reissner's/vestibular membrane

Question 32

What separates Scala media from Scala tympani?

Answer 32

Organ of corti

Question 33

What is located in the Scala media?

Answer 33

Stria vascularis

Question 34

What kind of fluid is located in Scala media? What kind of ion content?

Answer 34

Endolymph High K+

Question 35

Where is perilymph located?

Answer 35

Scala vestibuli | Scala tympani

Question 36

What is in direct contact with the tectorial membrane?

Answer 36

Outer hair cells

Question 37

Where do vibrations start? This is connected to what? Describe the rest of the hearing pathway

Answer 37

Scala vestibuli connected to oval window Then to helicotrema -> Scala tympani -> round window

Question 38

What are the layers of the tunics? What is contained in them?

Answer 38

Outer - sclera and cornea Middle(uvea) - ciliary process, choroid, iris Inner - retina