Head and Neck Embryo - 4/5 Stephens

Question 1

What prominences are associated with the membranous neurocranium?

Answer 1

Maxillary

Mandibular

Question 2

Viscerocranium has what components?

Answer 2

Cartilaginous

Membranous

Question 3

What is Apert syndrome?

Answer 3

Premature fusion of coronal sutures

Acrocephalic appearance

Question 4

What comes from pharyngeal punch 1?

Answer 4

Auditory tube and middle (tympanic) ear cavity

Question 5

What forms from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

What nerve associated with it?

Answer 5

Maxillary and mandibular processes

CN 5

Question 6

What are the 2 areas in the development of the embryo where mesenchyme will not invade?

Answer 6

Prechordal plate

Cloacal membrane

Question 7

What surrounds the stomodeum?

It’s formed by what?

Answer 7

5 facial swellings of the 1st branchial arch

Ectoderm

Question 8

What does the intermaxillary process form?

Answer 8

Nasal septum

Primary palate

Question 9

What landmark distinguishes anterior from posterior cleft palate deformities?

Answer 9

Incisive foramen

Question 10

A failure of the medial and maxillary swellings to fuse is what?

Answer 10

Anterior cleft deformity

Question 11

What causes an oblique facial cleft?

What is exposed as a result?

Answer 11

Failure of the maxillary swelling to merge with its corresponding lateral nasal swelling

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 12

What causes a median cleft lip and bifid nose?

Answer 12

Failure of medial nasal prominences to fuse

Question 13

What causes macroscopic and microstomia?

Answer 13

Dysfunction of the maxillary and mandibular swellings

Question 14

What is Agathnia?

What is involved?

Answer 14

Dysgenesis of the mandibular swelling

1st branchial cleft, auricle positioning means they are deaf

Question 15

What causes cleft nose?

Answer 15

2 medial nasal prominences not fusing together

Question 16

What is cyclopia?

Caused by what?

Answer 16

Extreme reduction of midface

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 17

What is cebocephaly?

Caused by what?

Answer 17

Midface defect characterized by a single nostril

FAS

Question 18

Holoprosencephalic defects of the midface have what defect?

Failure of what?

Answer 18

Bilateral cleft defect

Failure of intermaxillary process to form

Question 19

Bilateral cleft lip is the result of what?

Answer 19

Failure of the medial nasal processes to fuse with the maxillary swellings

Question 20

Development of the branchial arches is induced by what?

During what week?

What type of fibers innervate the arches?

Answer 20

Neural crest

4 week

SVE

Question 21

Treacher Collins Sydrome is associated with which arch?

Characteristics?

What do 40-50% of all people with this syndrome have?

Answer 21

1st

Small chin, enlarged nose, cleft palate, cleft lip

Conductive hearing loss

Question 22

Aural cysts form how?

What anomalous derivative are they?

Answer 22

Anterior to the ear

1st cleft

Question 23

Where are lateral cervical cysts located?

Answer 23

Anterior to the SCM

Question 24

What innervates the epithelium to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? What kind of fibers?

What else innervates it and what kind of fibers?

Answer 24

CN 5 - GSA

CN 7 - SVA

Question 25

What supplies both GSA and GVA fibers to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 25

CN 9

Question 26

What innervates intrinsic muscles of the tongue? Derived from where?

Answer 26

GSE from CN 12 Head myotomes

Question 27

What are the muscles of Arch 1? CN? Skeletal/special structures?

Answer 27

``` MATTT Mastication Ant. Digastric Tensor Tympani Tensor palati ``` CN V3 Malleus, Incus, Meckel's Think: Mayas, Incas, and...

Question 28

Arch 2 muscles? CN? Skeletal/special structures?

Answer 28

``` MPSS Mimetic muscles Post. Digastric Stapedius Stylohyoid ``` CN 7 Stapes, Lesser Cornu Hyoid, Reichert's

Question 29

Arch 3 muscles? CN? Skeletal structures?

Answer 29

Stylopharyngeus CN 9 Body and Greater Cornu of hyoid

Question 30

Arch 4 muscles? CN? Skeletal structures?

Answer 30

Pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles CN 10 Laryngeal cartilages

Question 31

1st cleft/branchial groove derivatives?

Answer 31

External auditory meatus | Tympanic membrane

Question 32

What does the 1st pouch form?

Answer 32

``` Eustachian/auditory tube Tympanic cavity (middle ear) ```

Question 33

2nd pouch derivative?

Answer 33

Root of the tongue | Tonsils

Question 34

3rd pouch derivative?

Answer 34

Inferior parathyroid gland Ventral portion: thymus Tongue

Question 35

4th pouch derivative?

Answer 35

Superior parathyroid gland | Ultimobranchial body

Question 36

Branchial cysts are a failure of what?

Answer 36

Failure of obliteration of 2nd cleft OR 2nd and 3rd arches

Question 37

At the end of 10 weeks flat bones start to form what?

Answer 37

Membranous neurocranium