DSM-IV and ICD-10 Rel and Val Flashcards Preview

Y2 Clinical (Mine) > DSM-IV and ICD-10 Rel and Val > Flashcards

Flashcards in DSM-IV and ICD-10 Rel and Val Deck (26)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Define ‘reliability’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.

A

How consistent the ability to diagnose correctly is when using the DSM and ICD.

2
Q

List the 2 different types of reliability.

A

1) Inter-rater

2) Test-retest

3
Q

Define ‘inter-rater reliability’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.

A

The consistency of multiple clinicians agreeing on the diagnosis of a patient using the same diagnostic tool.

4
Q

Define ‘test-retest reliability’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.

A

Whether the diagnosis of a patient is consistent when being re-diagnosed at a later date.

5
Q

Give 3 examples of studies testing the reliability of the DSM and/or the ICD.

A

1) Beck et al (1961)
2) Goldstein (1988)
3) Cheniaux (2009)

6
Q

What did Beck et al (1961) find in terms of the reliability of the DSM and ICD?

A

He found 54% inter-rater reliability between 2 psychiatrists for 154 patients.

7
Q

What did Goldstein (1988) find in terms of the reliability of the DSM-II and DSM-III?

A

He tested the reliability of the DSM-III against the DSM-II when re-diagnosing patients with Sz (169/199 were successfully re-diagnosed).

8
Q

What did Cheniaux (2009) find in terms of the reliability of the DSM-III and ICD-10?

A

Compared the diagnosis between DSM-IV and the ICD-10 of Sz, depression, etc. Found that Sz was more frequently diagnosed using the ICD-10.

9
Q

Define ‘validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.

A

How accurate and correct the DSM and ICD are at diagnosing a mental disorder.

10
Q

List the 5 different types of validity.

A

1) Predictive
2) Construct
3) Concurrent
4) Etiological
5) Convergent

11
Q

Define ‘predictive validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.

A

The accuracy of a prediction made when diagnosing a mental disorder which is tested at a later date.

12
Q

Define ‘construct validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.

A

How accurate the criteria for diagnosis of a mental disorder is.

13
Q

Define ‘concurrent validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.

A

When results of a study testing the DSM against the ICD matches another done at the same time.

14
Q

Define ‘etiological validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.

A

This is established by examining what is known about the causes of the disorder and matching them to the person’s history.

15
Q

Define ‘convergent validity’ in terms of diagnosing a mental disorder.

A

When two measures of the same diagnosis agree with each other using a test of correlation.

16
Q

Give 3 examples of studies testing the validity of the DSM and/or the ICD.

A

1) Sanchez-Villages et al (2008)
2) Allardyce et al (2007)
3) Jakobsen et al (2005)

17
Q

What did Sanchez-Villages et al (2008) find in terms of the validity of the DSM?

A

62 ‘depressed’ patients and 42 ‘non-depressed’ patients were re-diagnosed and found that 68% of the 62 were diagnosed again and 81% of the 42 were confirmed of not having depression - this has high predictive validity.

18
Q

What did Allardyce et al (2007) suggest in terms of the validity of the DSM and ICD?

A

Some symptoms of Sz are common amongst amongst general population and so he questioned the construct of the criteria used to diagnose a mental disorder.

19
Q

What did Jakobsen et al (2005) find in terms of the validity of the ICD-10?

A

Found that in a sample of Danish (in)patients with Sz and a sample of (out)patients with a history of psychosis, there was 87% predictive value when making the correct diagnosis using the ICD-10.

20
Q

Give 2 examples of studies testing the reliability AND validity of the DSM and/or the ICD.

A

1) Rosenhan

2) Cooper (1972)

21
Q

What did Rosenhan find in terms of the reliability AND validity of the DSM-III?

A

Reliability
- Pseudopatients were consistently diagnosed with Sz
Validity
- DSM-III can’t recognise fake patients against real patients and so there is no accuracy in correct diagnosis

22
Q

What did Cooper (1972) find in terms of reliability AND validity of the DSM?

A

Reliability
- USA diagnosed mainly Sz and UK diagnosed mainly depression for 154 patients, highlighting issues of consistency between cultures
Validity
- A different culture diagnosing someone differently questions accuracy of diagnostic tools

23
Q

List 3 examples of general evaluation points.

A

1) Clinician’s training
2) Differing cultures
3) Patient disclosure

24
Q

Evaluate the reliability of a ‘clinician’s training’ on diagnosis.

A

P - Low
E - Training can be insufficient or outdated
E - The lack of skills will decrease the consistency of whether or not the diagnosis is accurate

25
Q

Evaluate the validity of ‘differing cultures’ on diagnosis.

A

P - Low
E - Culture can impact on diagnosis due to the clinician not understanding the impact of something in the patients culture
E - Therefore diagnosis and treatment may be inaccurate

26
Q

Evaluate the reliability AND validity of a ‘patient’s disclosure of symptoms’ on diagnosis.

A

Reliability
- Different symptoms given by the patient can affect reliability of diagnosis as they will be inconsistent
Validity
- In order to make a correct diagnosis the patients needs to describe ALL symptoms accurately