DTP 1 Behaviorist Approaches

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Process where an organism can passively learn to a naturally occurring reflex action in response to any stimulus learning through association

Question 2

Classical Conditioning 2

Answer 2

Form of learning that occurs in response to repeated association of 2 different stimuli to produce a naturally occurring involuntary reflexive response

Question 3

What is the role of the learner during Classical Conditioning?

Answer 3

Passive: response will occur regardless and is automatic (we have no control)

Question 4

Nature of Response during classical conditioning

Answer 4

Reflexive, involuntary/ natural/automatic

Question 5

Timing of response and stimulus during CC

Answer 5

Stimulus must occur before there can be a response (bell before salivation)

Question 6

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Answer 6

Stimulus that produces no naturally occurring response, becomes the CS after conditioning

Question 7

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Answer 7

stimulus that is presented that produces a naturally occurring response

Question 8

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Answer 8

Response that occurs naturally upon presentation of a UCS

Question 9

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 9

Stimulus that is presented, when repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (eg. food) produces an conditioned response (salivating)

Question 10

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 10

A taught response that occurs upon presentation of an CS (initially UCR)

Question 11

3 Phases of Classical Conditioning

Answer 11

Before conditioning, During, After conditioning

Question 12

Before conditioning

Answer 12

1. Involves natural response to stimulus that has not yet been conditioned

UCS that results in UCR
NS at this point causes no significant response

Question 13

During conditioning

Answer 13

Developing association between NS and the UCS
Causes the NS to become the CS

Question 14

After conditioning

Answer 14

CS producing a conditioned response (CR) as a result of its association with the UCS

Question 15

Pavlov’s bell dog

Answer 15

Dog hear bell dog has no reaction dog see food dog salivates

Dog hear bell when dog sees food, dog starts to associate bell with food

Food is gone but bell is there and dog salivates at bell, expecting food

Question 16

Operant Conditioning

Answer 16

Type of learning in which behavior becomes controlled by its consequences

Person learns to operate on their environment to produce desired consequences

Question 17

What is the nature of the response?

Answer 17

Voluntary and conscious, learner initiates

Question 18

Timing of response and stimulus

Answer 18

Stimulus occurs after behavior has occured

Question 19

Role of the learner in OC

Answer 19

Active, learner intentionally performs behaviors, in control and aware

Question 20

What is OC based on

Answer 20

Repeat behaviours which have a desirable consequence

Tend to not repeat behavior with an undesirable consequence

Question 21

What is Operant

Answer 21

Response that occurs and acts on the environment to produce a change or effect

Question 22

Punishment

Answer 22

Stimulus that weakens or decreases the likelihood of a response reoccurring

decreases likelihood of undesirable behavior from occuring

Question 23

Reinforcement

Answer 23

Stimulus that strengthens or increases the likelihood of a response from reoccurring

increases likelihood of desirable behavior reoccuring

Question 24

Positive reinforcement

Answer 24

Reward that strengthens a response by providing a pleasant or satisfying consequence (stimulus)

Question 25

Negative reinforcer

Answer 25

Strengthening a response by removing/reducing/ preventing an undesirable stimulus

Question 26

Positive Punishment

Answer 26

Weakening behavior reoccurring by adding an undesirable stimulus

Question 27

Negative Punishment (Response Cost)

Answer 27

Removing a desired stimulus to prevent undesirable behavior from reoccuring

Question 28

3 Phase model of Operant Conditioning

Answer 28

Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence

Question 29

Antecedent

Answer 29

Any environmental stimulus that triggers an action - Prompts triggers -Scenario leading to behavior -feedback/encoruagement

Question 30

Behaviour

Answer 30

Any observable action (it is shaped by consequences) -what can be done -desired/undesired

Question 31

Consequence

Answer 31

Something that makes behavior more or less likely to reoccur -results of behavior repeat/not repeat -directs future behavior -Pos Neg Punishment + Reinforcement

Question 32

Acquisition

Answer 32

Process where organism starts to associate 2 events (UCS and NS)