DTP 4 Atkinson-Shiffrin's multi-store model of memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Information processing system that actively receives, organizes and stores and recovers info.

Question 2

Sensory Memory

Answer 2

Very brief memory store where info is in its raw form from 5 senses, received and may be moved to short term M if attention is paid to it, otherwise lost forever

Question 2

Short Term memory

Answer 2

Temporary storage system that holds info for short duration. Limited store of actively conscious memory, info is transferred to long term if encoded.

Question 2

Why is memory not passive?

Answer 2

Because it involves the purposeful encoding storage and recall of sensory information

Question 3

Memory process

Answer 3

Sensory info is ENCODED then STORED then RETRIEVED

Question 3

Long term memory

Answer 3

Relatively permanent memory system virtually limitless capacity and can hold for extended periods day-lifetime. Requires retrieval to bring info back into conscious awareness

Question 4

Encoding

Answer 4

Process by which our brain converts sensory info into a form that can be stored in memory

Question 5

Visual encoding

Answer 5

Converting visual images into memory

Eg. Remembering scenes and faces

Question 6

Acoustic encoding

Answer 6

Converting sounds into memory

Eg. remembering songs or voices

Question 7

Semantic encoding

Answer 7

Converting meaning of info into memory, effective for Long term retention

Eg. Understanding concept behind a word

Question 8

Storage

Answer 8

Refers to how info is maintained in the brain over time. After sensory info is encoded, its stored so that it can be later retrieved

Question 9

What does Storage involve

Answer 9

Sensory memory (if not encoded the lost forever)
Short term memory and Long term memory

Question 10

Retrieval

Answer 10

Involves accessing and bringing stored info back into conscious awareness. allows us to use previously encoded /stored info when needed

Question 11

Retrieval processes

Answer 11

Recall, recognition, relearning

Question 12

Recall

Answer 12

Retrieving info without any cues (answering exam Qs from memory)

Question 13

Recognition

Answer 13

Identifying previously learned info when its presented (recognising past classmate)

Question 14

Relearning

Answer 14

Reacquiring knowledge that was previously learnt but forgotten often more quickly than first time

Question 15

Effective retrieval depends on..

Answer 15

Presence of retrieval cues which are stimuli that help trigger the memory.

Question 16

Multi store model of memory

Answer 16

3 independent stores that function simultaneously and interact with each other to process info, varies in role capacity and duration

Question 17

Multi model memory store

Answer 17

Question 18

Sensory MEMORY

Answer 18

Brief store for vast amounts of incoming sensory info.
Brief duration allows info to be held for long enough to determine its importance.

> transfers important info to STM if attended to
Acts as a filter for incoming info thats relevant
prevents us from getting overwhelmed

Question 19

Maintainence rehearsal

Answer 19

Repetition of info vocally or sub-vocally

Question 20

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer 20

Gives meaning to new info makes associations with existing LTM memories

Mnemonics methods, etc. results in deeper processing and more effective encoding and retrieval

Question 21

Sensory Memory Capacity

Answer 21

Unlimited
Handles immense amounts of sensory stimuli and processes at any given time

Question 22

Duration of Sensory Memory

Answer 22

0.2-4 seconds to allow temp storage and assessment of importance If info should enter STM If paid attention> STM if not> lost forever

Question 23

Sensory registers in Sensory Memory

Answer 23

Each sense has a sensory register. Duration varies, eg. VISUAL VS AUDITORY Iconic (visual) register processes images quickly Echoic (auditory) register processes sounds longer Enables perception of the world ad continuous and not disconnected images and sounds

Question 24

Iconic Memory

Answer 24

Visual Function: Exact replica of visual info Duration: 0.3-0.5 seconds Capacity： Unlimited

Question 25

Echoic Memory

Answer 25

Auditory Function: Exact replica of auditory info Duration: 3-4 sec Capacity: Unlimited

Question 26

Short term MEMORY

Answer 26

Very brief memory store that has a limited store of actively conscious memory (working memory) Info is conscious and actively manipulated 》Seat of conscious control 》Accesses both sensory and LTM

Question 27

STM Function

Answer 27

Once info enters STM, it is actively manipulated (encoded info) while we complete everyday tasks. Sensory info receives info and sends to STM retrieves info from LTM (past experiences) and compares with LTM, then send for storage in LTM.

Question 28

Capacity of STM

Answer 28

7+-2 items 5-9 items Info may be discarded, retained through rehearsal or encoded into LTM

Question 29

Duration of STM

Answer 29

12-30 Seconds Info decays if not manipulated

Question 30

Preventing decay

Answer 30

Rehearsal: constantly manipulating info to keep in STM for longer

Question 31

Long term MEMORY

Answer 31

Virtually limitless and relatively permanent memory store

Question 32

LTM FUNCTIONS

Answer 32

Holds vast amounts of info for extended periods (maybe for life) >Processed info from STM > LTM >Undergoes further encoding based on meaning >Becomes unconscious to prevent info overload

Question 33

LTM functions 2

Answer 33

Needs retrieval to bring back into conscious awareness Encoded based on meaning (semantics) and stored in semantic networks Stores info based on meaning Encodes meaning of words/pics/phrases/events

Question 34

Efficient retrieval of LTM

Answer 34

Well organized memories allow for efficient retrieval into conscious wareness Knowing meaning helps locate info quickly Organized storage enables quick searching of neural networks

Question 35

Capacity of LTM

Answer 35

Unlimited capacity, up to a lifetime

Question 36

Duration of LTM

Answer 36

Relatively permanent, sometimes for life

Question 37

Decay factors of LTM

Answer 37

>Forgetting >Physical/psychological factors >Disuse of particular memories (synaptic pruning/ LTD) >Neurodivergence disease (Alzheimer's) >Disease and other dementias

Question 38

Memory TABLE

Answer 38