Dynamic Development Flashcards
(41 cards)
What does AC/EDC/LIDC stand for and give an example of each
AC - Advanced Country - UK/USA/Germany
EDC - Emerging and developing countries - India, China, (BRICS)
LIDC - Low Income developing countries - Zambia
Define ‘development’
Means improvement in living standards through better use of resources
Define Economic Development, Social Development and Sustainable Development
Economic - Increase in the total goods and services a country produces.
Social - improvement in human welfare
Sustainable - Economic, social, environmental development to meet people’s needs now without compromising future generations needs
Define the term infant mortality rate?
Children dying under the age of 1 per 1000 per year
Define the term literacy rate?
The % of people that can read or write age 15 or over
What does GNI stand for and what does it measure?
Gross National Income - The total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses (wealth of a country)
What does HDI stand for and what two types of development does it measure?
Human Development Index - social and economic development
Name 3 other social measures of development
Birth rate, death rate, life expectancy, people per doctor, access to clean drinking water
What are the human and physical factors that influence uneven development?
Population - often the larger the population the easier it is to develop
Climate - warm, moist climate good for growing crops and people to live
Land - flat, fertile land for crops and building cities
Natural resources - abundant minerals (coal, oil) that can be traded
Colonialism
Why does the world trade set up make it hard for LIDCs to break out of poverty?
AC’s buy raw materials (commodities) from LIDCs and process it themselves, generating large profits. However they stop LIDCs from doing this by putting tariffs on processed goods sold into ACs so there is little point in LIDCs processing their goods
Why does debt make it hard for LIDCs to break out of poverty?
When LIDCs are in debt they are paying back large amounts of interest to AC banks. If this debt is cancelled they have more money to spend on health and education
Why does political unrest make it hard for countries to break out of poverty?
The worst political unrest is civil war - like in Syria. It sets back development by displacing people, disrupting services and the production of food and goods
Explain why Zambia being landlocked has affected its development
Zambia does not have any ports with the open sea so it has to pay to transport it long distances across other countries then pay to use other countries ports
Where do most people live in Zambia and who controlled it until 1964?
Most people in Zambia still live in the countryside as they are farmers - and the British controlled it as part of the British Empire until 1964
Explain if Rostow’s model of
development is accurate for Zambia
Rostow’s model is linear and says that countries go through 5 stages of development. But the model was based on ACs like the USA and Zambia’s development has been more of a zig zag than a straight line.
What are the 8 millennium goals?
1- Halve extreme poverty and hunger
2- Primary education everywhere
3- Gender equality and empower women
4- Reduce child mortality
5- Improve maternal health
6- Combat HIV/AIDS
7- Environmental sustainability
8- Global partnership for development
Which millennium goals has Zambia managed to achieve?
1- Most children attend primary school
2- There is gender equality in primary education
3- HIV/AIDS numbers have fallen
4- Zambia has obtained debt relief
What does FDI stand for and what is it?
Foreign Direct Investment - When companies or governments spend their money in a different country in order to increase their profits there. (E.G. roads, dams, factories)
What 4 main industries can TNCs invest in, in Zambia?
Mining (copper) Tourism (Victoria Falls) Agriculture (Sugar) Manufacturing
How many Chinese companies invest in Zambia?
500
Name the copper mining TNC we studied in Zambia
China Non-Ferrous Metals Corporation
Name the copper mine it owns
Chambishi
What % of Zambian exports are copper? Why is reliance on one commodity a problem?
70% - When copper prices fall the country loses significant amounts of GNI - this affects the amount of money spent on education and health
What is the TAZARA/TanZam railway?
A 1850km railway from the copperbelt in Zambia to the port of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Helps Zambia to export copper as it is landlocked
