Dynamic Earth

Question 1

The crust

Answer 1

Outer layer of the earth. It is the solid rock layer we live on

Question 2

The mantle

Answer 2

Widest section of the Earth
Made up of semi-molten rock called magma
Upper part of the mantle is rock and hard
Lower part is soft and beginning to melt

Question 3

Outer Core

Answer 3

Layer surrounding the inner core.
It is a liquid layer also made up of iron and nickel
It is extremely hot

Question 4

Inner Core

Answer 4

The hottest part of the Earth.
It is solid and made up of iron and nickel
It is very hot

Question 5

Atmosphere

Answer 5

A layer of gas surrounding a planet

Question 6

Folding

Answer 6

The bending of rock as a result of forces beneath the surface

Question 7

Igneous rocks

Answer 7

Made up of crystals

Magma cooled down is igneous rock

Question 8

Plutonic or intrusive igneous rocks

Answer 8

Rocks that form inside the earth

They have large crystals and cool down slowly

Question 9

Volcanic or extrusive igneous rocks

Answer 9

Form on or above the Earth’s surface

They have small crystals so they cool down fast

Question 10

Density

Answer 10

How much mass an object has

Dense things should feel heavy

Question 11

Three different types of volcanoes

Answer 11

Shield, cinder and composite cone

Question 12

Oceanic crust

Answer 12

Part of the Earth's crust that covers the ocean
More dense than continental crust 
Made up of basalt
Thinner than continental crust
Less buoyancy than continental crust

Question 13

Continental Crust

Answer 13

Crust that covers the surface of the Earth
Made up of granite
Thicker than oceanic crust 
Less denser than the continental crust 
Greater buoyancy than the oceanic crust

Question 14

Boundary between the crust and mantle

Answer 14

Moho

Question 15

Epicentre

Answer 15

The point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

Question 16

Focus

Answer 16

Location where the earthquake begins

Question 17

Pangaea

Answer 17

Giant landmass when the continents were once joined

Question 18

Evidence for continental drift

Answer 18

Coastlines of continents fit together, same fossils, same rocks found on different continents and coals found in cold areas and glaciers found in tropical areas

Question 19

Who made the theory about continental drift

Answer 19

Alfred Wegener

Question 20

Seafloor spreading

Answer 20

Chains of volcanoes on the seafloor creates new oceanic crust. The seafloor expands away from the volcano as new crust is created

Question 21

Lithosphere

Answer 21

Very rigid, colder layer that consists of the crust and the very top of the mantle
It’s lies on top of the asthenosphere

Question 22

Asthenosphere

Answer 22

Softer than the lithosphere
It is hot
Can move underneath the lithosphere

Question 23

Convection

Answer 23

When hot materials rise and cold materials sink

Question 24

Plate tectonics

Answer 24

Rigid lithosphere is divided into huge plates that floats on the softer asthenosphere

Question 25

Divergent

Answer 25

When plates move apart from each other New crust is created eg. Mid Atlantic Ridge

Question 26

Convergent

Answer 26

When the plates collide creating subduction zones Hot magma rises to the Earth's surface creating volcanoes The crust is destroyed

Question 27

Subduction zones

Answer 27

Areas where one plate is pushed under another plate The denser plate is pushed under the less dense one Generates a lot of heat turning rock into magma

Question 28

Continental collision

Answer 28

One continent pushes into another causing the crust to buckle and fracture making mountains

Question 29

Transform boundary

Answer 29

When plates slides past each other Crust is not created or destroyed here Many earthquakes happens eg. San Andreas Fault

Question 30

Faults

Answer 30

Made when plates move and apply huge forces to the rocks, fracturing it

Question 31

Three different types of faults

Answer 31

Strike slip fault Normal fault Reverse fault

Question 32

Fault lines

Answer 32

Created when plates move and fracture the rocks

Question 33

Strike slip faults

Answer 33

When two plates slide in opposite directions and scrape against each other Causes rocks to become horizontally offset

Question 34

Normal fault

Answer 34

When two plates are pulled apart from each other | Rocks on one side move down the slope causing rocks to become vertically offset

Question 35

Reverse faults

Answer 35

When two plates move towards or into each other Move in the opposite direction to normal faults Rocks become vertically offset and one side is on top of the other

Question 36

Hotspot

Answer 36

Body of magma that sits under the lithosphere Magma from the hotspot rises up to the Earth's volcano forming volcanoes After, the lithosphere moves due to plate tectonics. They move away from the hotspot, magma rises again creating a new volcano creating a chain of volcanoes

Question 37

Earthquakes

Answer 37

Occur at the along fault lines because friction between plates creating energy. When released an earthquake happens

Question 38

Two types of seismic waves

Answer 38

P waves and S waves

Question 39

P waves

Answer 39

Longitudinal like sound waves Vibrate back and forth Faster than S waves

Question 40

S waves

Answer 40

Transverse like waves on water Vibrate side to side Slower than P wave

Question 41

Magnitude

Answer 41

How much energy is released from an earthquake