Dysrhythmias: Flashcards by Rachel Belmont

Also called arrhythmias

Abnormality of the cardiac rhythm of impulse generation or conduction

Cardiac Dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dysrhythmias are significant for two reasons:

Indicate an underlying pathophysiologic disorder

May impair normal CO

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ECG recordings allow measurement of waveform _____, _____, and ________

amplitude, duration, HR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Impulse rate between ____and ____beats/minute for normal sinus rhythm

60 and 100

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal sinus rhythm has ______ rhythm

normal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Starts in the ______node and follows the ____ pathway

SA; normal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

P wave precedes every QRS complex

Normal Sinus Rhythm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PR, QRS, QT intervals are of normal duration

Normal Sinus Rhythm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sinus Tachycardia manifested by abnormally fast heart rate of greater than _____beats/minute

100

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sinus Tachycardia is usually a compensatory response to increased demand for ____ or reduced _______

CO; SV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sinus Tachycardia usually occurs from _______ activation

SNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Treatment aimed at correcting underlying cause; sympatholytic agents or calcium-channel blocking agents may be indicated

Sinus Tachycardia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In Sinus Bradycardia, HR may be lower than _____beats/min

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sinus Bradycardia usually from ______ activation

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If slow HR precipitates low CO, treatment includes sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic drugs

Sinus Bradycardia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Associated with fluctuations in autonomic influences and respiratory dynamics

Sinus Arrhythmia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sinus Arrhythmia may be pronounced in _____

children

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sinus Arrhythmia is _______ and needs _____ treatment

normal; no

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must be differentiated from sick sinus syndrome

May need a pacemaker

Sinus Arrhythmia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In sinus arrest, absence of impulse initiation in the heart results in electrical _______

asystole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_____ rhythm: a slower pacemaker will generally begin to fire after several seconds of sinus arrest
Pacemaker may be required in ________

Escape; Sinus Arrest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Initiation of cardiac impulse at a site other than the SA node can occur with (2)_________

SA node failure: allows a slower pacemaker to take over (escape rhythm)
Enhanced excitability, triggered activity or reentrant circuits may cause a premature depolarization and override the SA node

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Escape Rhythms originate in the _____ nodal region or ventricular _____ fibers

AV; Purkinje

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Junctional escape rhythm originates in the_______ (rate of ________beats/minute with normal QRS)

AV node; 40-60

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ventricular escape rhythm originates in _______(rate of _______beats/minute with abnormally wide QRS)

Purkinje fibers; 15-40

The _______ wave is abnormal/absent in escape rhythms

Premature atrial complexes (PACs) associated with ______

Atrial Dysrhythmias

PAC's Originate in the _____ but not the SA node

atria

PACs occur earlier than ______, preceded by a ____ wave, and have a normal______ complex configuration

normal; P; QRS

Frequent _____ may indicate underlying pathophysiologic process and be precursors to more serious dysrhythmias

PACs

burst of atrial complexes resembling several PACs in a row

Paroxysmal focal atrial tachycardia

______ is typically manifested by a rapid atrial rate of 240-350 beats/minute with sawtooth pattern

flutter

Sawtooth pattern associated with

flutter

Type 1 flutter is ____ to ____ beats/min

240 to 350 beats/min

Type 2 flutter is over ______ beats/min

350 beats/min

_______is a completely disorganized and irregular atrial rhythm accompanied by an irregular _____ rhythm

Atrial Fibrillation; ventricular

Fibrillation can cause _____

thrombi

Ventricular Dysrhythmias result in ___________

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs)

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) arise from the ventricular________

myocardium

Do not activate the atria or depolarize the sinus node

Ventricular Dysrhythmias

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) have a bizarre ______

QRS

A compensatory pause is normal in ______

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs)

Bigeminy or trigeminy common in ______

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs)

Every other beat

Bigeminy

Every third beat

Trigeminy

With high frequency, CO may be compromised in ________-

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs)

Ventricular tachycardia is when there are 3 or more consecutive ventricular complexes at a rate greater than _____ beats/min

100

ECG depicts a series of large, wide, undulating waves

Ventricular Tachycardia

In _______ Tachycardia, P waves are not associated with the _______

Ventricular; QRS complexes

May be fatal if not rapidly managed

Ventricular Tachycardia

Antiarrhythmia drugs CPR Electrical cardioversion may have to be used

Ventricular Tachycardia

Rapid, uncoordinated cardiac rhythm resulting in ventricular quivering and lack of effective contraction

Ventricular Fibrillation

ECG is rapid and erratic, with no identifiable QRS complexes

Ventricular Fibrillation

Results in death if not reversed within minutes

Ventricular Fibrillation

Defibrillation CPR Antiarrhythmia drugs may be used

Ventricular Fibrillation

Include delays, blocks, and abnormal pathways

Conduction Pathway Disturbances

Conduction blocks and delays are associated with cardiac _____ and_______

ischemia and infarction

When there are conduction pathway disturbances, there are abnormal pathways that are usually ______

congenital

When there is a problem between the sinus impulse and ventricular response

Atrioventricular block

When there is an atrioventricular block, there is a defect in the _______ node, bundle of ______, or bundle _____

AV; His; branches

Is slowed or completely blocked

Atrioventricular block

Briefly explain the 3 types of atrioventricular blocks

First-degree block (usually no treatment required) Second-degree block (types I and II) Third-degree block (complete)

Characterized by progressive prolongation of the PR interval until one P wave is not conducted;

Type 1 (Wenckebach, Mobitz type I): Atrioventricular Second Degree Block

associated with AV nodal ischemia

Type 1 Second Degree Block

identified by a rhythm showing consistent PR interval with some nonconducted P waves

Type 2 Second Degree Block

More serious because it has a tendency to progress to complete AV (third-degree) block

Type 2 Second Degree Block

Complete heart block

Third Degree Heart Block

diagnosed when there is no apparent association between atrial and ventricular conduction; is serious, as it can lead to slow ventricular rhythm and poor CO

Third Degree Heart Block

At least 5 ways to diagnose a complete third degree block?

``` EKG Holter monitor Loop recorder Stress testing EPS ```

Treatment for __________ includes Antiarrhythmic drugs used (may be proarrhythmic), measures to improve CO (pacemakers and drugs to increase contractility) and ablation procedures

Complete third degree block

Dysrhythmias: Flashcards

(70 cards)