E-Sci: Rocks and Minerals

Question 1

Homogenous naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes.

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

Minerals has? (3)

Answer 2

: Characteristic chemical composition
: Highly ordered atomic structure
: specific physical properties

Question 3

About __ minerals make up more than __% of all rocks in the Earth’s crust. (2)

Answer 3

: 20 minerals
: 95% of all rocks

Question 4

Minerals are formed where, how, when? (3)

Answer 4

: Earth’s mantle, near the surface
: Heat and Pressure
: When C-O-Ca combined in the ocean, and hot mineral-rich water move slowly through surface cracks.

Question 5

Main processes of Extraction: (3)

Answer 5

Mining, Digging, and Quarrying

Question 6

Minerals’ Physical Properties: (11)

Answer 6

: Color, Streak, Hardness, Cleavage, Crystalline Structure, Transparency, Magnetism, Tenacity, Luster, Odor, Specific Gravity.
C-S-H-C-Cs-

Question 7

The result of the way minerals absorb light.

Answer 7

Color

Question 8

The color of the mineral in powder form.

Answer 8

Streak

Question 9

Refers to the measure of the mineral’s resistance
from scratching.

Answer 9

Hardness

Question 10

Used to describe how
minerals break into pieces. The breakage along the
crystalline structure where a
mineral is likely to break
smoothly.

Answer 10

Cleavage

Question 11

“Crystal Lattice”, tells how a mineral’s crystals
are arranged.

Answer 11

Crystalline Structure

Question 12

Form a regular repeating three-dimensional crystal lattice.

Answer 12

Crystal Solid

Question 13

Forms aggregates that have no particular order or arrangement.

Answer 13

Amorphous Solid

Question 14

“Diaphaneity”, Indicates the extent of light that can pass through the mineral.

Answer 14

Transparency

Question 15

Ability of minerals to attract or repel other minerals.

Answer 15

Magnetism

Question 16

Materials which exhibit a
spontaneous net magnetization at the atomic level, even in the
absence of an external magnetic field.

Answer 16

Ferromagnetic materials

Question 17

The word ‘ferrous’ means?

Answer 17

Iron

Question 18

They have a small, positive susceptibility to magnetic fields. These materials are slightly attracted by a magnetic field and do not retain the magnetic properties when the external field is removed.

Answer 18

Paramagnetic materials

Question 19

have a weak, negative susceptibility to magnetic fields. These materials are slightly repelled by a magnetic field and do not retain the magnetic properties when the external field is removed.

Answer 19

Diamagnetic materials

Question 20

The level of resistance or reaction of minerals to stress such as crushing, bending , breaking or tearing.

Answer 20

Tenacity

Question 21

Refers to the reaction of a mineral to light, determines how brilliant or dull the mineral is.

Answer 21

Luster

Question 22

Two main Luster categories: (2)

Answer 22

Metallic and Non metallic

Question 23

Usually released from a chemical reaction when subjected to water, heat, air or friction.

Answer 23

Odor

Question 24

Measure of the density of a mineral, determines how heavy the mineral is by comparing its weight to that of water.

Answer 24

Specific Gravity

Question 25

A naturally occurring aggregate of minerals and/or other fragments of itself.

Answer 25

Rock

Question 26

Three classifications of Rocks: (3)

Answer 26

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.

Question 27

Formed when molten rocks cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization.

Answer 27

Igneous rocks

Question 28

Intrusive and extrusive are called? (2)

Answer 28

Plutonic rocks and Volcanic rocks

Question 29

Are classified by the source of their sediments, and are produced by one or more processes.

Answer 29

Sedimentary rocks

Question 30

Sedimentary Processes: (3)

Answer 30

: Clastic Sr : Chemical Sr : Biochemical Sr

Question 31

Formed when minerals precipitate from a solution, usually sea water, minerals that precipitate from aqueous solutions.

Answer 31

Chemical sedimentary rocks

Question 32

Composed of fragments of older rocks that have been deposited and consolidated.

Answer 32

Clastic sedimentary rocks

Question 33

Composed of accumulations of organic debris.

Answer 33

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

Question 34

The result of the transformation of a pre-existing rock type in a process.

Answer 34

Metamorphic Rocks

Question 35

Parent rocks are called?

Answer 35

Protolith

Question 36

Metamorphism means?

Answer 36

"Change in form"

Question 37

The protolith can be ____ and ____ to cause ____ / ____ change.

Answer 37

: Heated & Extreme Pressure : Chemical or Physical