E1: Ch2

Question 1

water molecules result when one oxygen atoms forms ___ bonds with two hydrogen atoms

Answer 1

covalent

Question 2

mass and boiling points are a ___ relationship. why is the boiling point of water higher than what it is expected to be using this relationship.

Answer 2

direct, because of the 2 hydrogen bonds.

Question 3

Fructose is different from Glucose and Galactose because it has __ carbons and the other two have __.

Answer 3

5, 6

Question 4

the only difference between glucose and galactose is the arrangement of the ____ groups

Answer 4

hydroxyl

Question 5

the opposite of a dehydration reaction is a ___ reaction

Answer 5

hydrolysis

Question 6

what is the most common lipid in the body

Answer 6

triglyceride

Question 7

phospholipids ___ ionize and are ____

Answer 7

dont, non-polar

Question 8

taking a pain killer such as aspirin works by inhibiting a ___ pathway

Answer 8

biochemical

Question 9

cholesterol are used in making ___

Answer 9

steroids

Question 10

carbon skeleton of a steroid is

Answer 10

6,6,6,5

Question 11

the repeating unit of a protein

Answer 11

amino acid

Question 12

essential proteins come from the ___

Answer 12

diet

Question 13

non-essential proteins are biochemical pathways that are made from __

Answer 13

genes

Question 14

oligopeptides have ____ amino acids

Answer 14

2-9

Question 15

polypeptides have ___ amino acids

Answer 15

10-100

Question 16

proteins have __ amino acids

Answer 16

> 100

Question 17

hydrophobic: dont ionize, remain ___

Answer 17

chargeless

Question 18

hydrophilic: can ionize, have a ___

Answer 18

charge

Question 19

primary structure - ___ of amino acids

Answer 19

sequence

Question 20

secondary structures contain ___ and ___ sheets

Answer 20

alpha-helixes, beta-pleated

Question 21

tertiary structure is a ___, wrapped shape

Answer 21

3-D

Question 22

Quaternary structure contain __ and __ proteins

Answer 22

fibrous, globular

Question 23

disulfide bonds are ___ amino acids

Answer 23

ionized

Question 24

repulsion and attraction are __ bonds

Answer 24

ionic

Question 25

__ group interactions are why proteins have non-linear shapes

Answer 25

R

Question 26

are proteins regulatory

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

enzyme/coenzyme are __

Answer 27

substrates

Question 28

enzyme modulators/cofactors - bind to and influence ___ activity

Answer 28

enzyme

Question 29

membrane transporters - ___ substances

Answer 29

pumped

Question 30

__ ___: hormones, paracrines/autocrines bind with receptors

Answer 30

signal molecules

Question 31

___ proteins: hemoglobin to oxygen, LDLs and HDLs to lipids

Answer 31

binding

Question 32

___ proteins: transcription factors found in chromosomes bind to DNA

Answer 32

regulatory

Question 33

___: actin and myosin bind together during muscle contraction

Answer 33

movement

Question 34

___ are proteins that grab 2 reactants and align their electron shells so interaction can occur

Answer 34

enzymes

Question 35

high affinity = __ fit

Answer 35

perfect

Question 36

low affinity = __ fit

Answer 36

looser

Question 37

___ bond: easily attract and break

Answer 37

ionic

Question 38

___ ___ blocks ligand binding at the binding site

Answer 38

competitive inhibitors

Question 39

T/F: do medications act as competitive inhibitors

Answer 39

True

Question 40

___ ___ occurs through a heat increase that causes the bonds to break

Answer 40

protein denaturation

Question 41

a standard (non-enzyme aided) reaction is a __ relationship

Answer 41

linear

Question 42

enzyme aided reactions have a linear relationship then a ___

Answer 42

plateu

Question 43

"maximum rate at substation" means all __ are being used at once.

Answer 43

enzymes

Question 44

T/F: nucleotides are only used for genetic information

Answer 44

false

Question 45

T/F: nucleotides are used for more than just genetic information

Answer 45

true

Question 46

name the 3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 46

phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 47

how many nitrogenous bases are there

Answer 47

5

Question 48

name the two classes of nitrogenous bases

Answer 48

purine, pyrimidine

Question 49

purine has __ rings and pyrimidine has __ ring

Answer 49

2, 1

Question 50

adenine and guanine are under the __ class

Answer 50

purine

Question 51

thymine, cytosine, and uracil are under the __ class

Answer 51

pyramidine

Question 52

name the two sugars found in nucleotides

Answer 52

ribose, deoxyribose

Question 53

how many types of phosophate are there in nucleotides

Answer 53

1

Question 54

what type of reaction is used to form all macromolecules

Answer 54

dehydration synthesis

Question 55

DNA has ionic bonding due to ___ bond interaction

Answer 55

hydrogen

Question 56

what are the complementary base pairs of DNA

Answer 56

GC and AT

Question 57

neutrons, protons, and electrons form

Answer 57

atoms

Question 58

___: the gain or loss or neutrons

Answer 58

isotopes

Question 59

___: the gain or loss of protons

Answer 59

different elements

Question 60

___: gain or loss of electrons

Answer 60

ions

Question 61

name the 4 macromolecules

Answer 61

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

Question 62

Glucose + Fructose =

Answer 62

Sucrose

Question 63

Glucose + Glucose =

Answer 63

Maltose

Question 64

Galactose + Glucose =

Answer 64

Lactose