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Microbiology > E1- Viral Chlamydial Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

E1- Viral Chlamydial Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Who is most likely to get a cold (ARD) and have it most severe? And when is it hyperendemic?

A

Small children

Winter

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2
Q

What are the common agents believed to cause colds (ARD)?

A

Rhinoviruses
Conoraviruses
Adenoviruses and unknown viruses

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3
Q

Should zicam intranasal zinc remedies be used to treat ARD?

A

No, can loose sense of smell

Also colds are self limited and benign anyways

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4
Q

How are rhinovirses transmitted?

A

Hands*
Aerosols
Fomites

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5
Q

Why will quarantine for the rhinovirus never work?

A

Extends of a human carrier state is highly probable

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6
Q

How long does built up immunity to rhinovirus last?

A

Transient (18 months)

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7
Q

What severe condition is similar to Rhinovirus that usually seen in children and is similar to poliovirus?

A

Acute Flaccid Myelitis

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8
Q

Why do we not use Pleconaril to treat colds (ARD)?

A

Most of the time we don’t know the specific virus that is the causative agent
Dangerous side effects

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9
Q

What type of influenza is the worst?

A

A > B > C

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10
Q

How are influenza viruses named?

A

Type/location of discovery/year of isolation/antigenic type

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11
Q

How long is the incubation of influenza. How long does the illness persist?

A

Short incubation 1-2 days

Illness persists for about 1 week

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12
Q

What are three complications that we worry about with influenza?

A

Pulmonary (primary viral pneumonia, secondary bacteria pneumonia)
Reye’s syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome

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13
Q

A return of fever after getting better from influenza should alter you for what?

A

Secondary bacterial pneumonia

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14
Q

What are the causative agents of secondary bacterial pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) - least common bc of vaccines

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15
Q

What should you be cautious about with rapid antigen tests?

A

False negatives, especially early in course, low antigen levels may not yield a signal

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16
Q

What are some treatments for influenza?

A

Adamantanes (stops type A virus only)
Oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir (both type A and B viruses)
Xofluza

17
Q

What is the major concern with influenza tx?

A

Drug resistance (new every year)

18
Q

When should you initiate flu vaccinations?

A

Fall (October) before flu season begins

19
Q

Who should receive a high potency and adjuvanted form of the influenza vaccination?

A

Elderly patients

20
Q

What type of influenza vaccination do most receive?

A

Quadrivalent forms with 2 type A viruses and 2 type B viruses

21
Q

What population needs 2 influenza vaccines in a year?

A

Children under 9

22
Q

Where are flu vaccines grown? Why can this be an issue?

A

Chicken eggs

Allergies and production problems (viruses adapt to eggs and may not match circulating forms)

23
Q

What are two basic types of antigenic variations?

A

Antigen drift

Antigen shift

24
Q

What is it called when point mutations of H or N proteins make minor variations in organisms?

A

Antigenic drift

25
Q

What is it called when recombination of the entire genome segments encoding the H or N gene?

A

Antigenic shift

26
Q

Why are pandemics are unpredictable?

A

Unanticipated antigenic shifts

27
Q

How does chlamydiae replicate?

A

Binary fission

28
Q

What is most important to know about chlamydiae?

A

Infection form the mother through vaginal delivery can lead to infant pneumonia and eye demise

We tx all eyes prophylactically at birth

29
Q

How do oseltamavir, zanamivir, and peramavir treat influenza?

A

They antagonize both A badd B viruses to stop the spread and release of the virus

30
Q

How does XoFluza treat influenza?

A

Inhibits viral cap-dependent endonuclease

31
Q

What are the two forms that Chlamydiae has?

A

Elementary body- an infectious non growing form responsible for dispersal

Reticulate body- growing form

32
Q

Reiters syndrome often occurs after what kind of infection?

A

Infant pneumonia

33
Q

What microbe is often associated with Atherosclerosis?

A

C. Pneumoniae

34
Q

How are the serological variants of C. Trachomatis defined?

A

Major outer membrane proteins (MOMP)

35
Q

What patients are at risk for developing Reye’s syndrome from the influenza virus?

A

Pediatric patients on long term aspirin therapy

Microbiology (23 decks)

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