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Microbiology > E3- Helminths > Flashcards

E3- Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of enterobiasis “pinworm disease”?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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2
Q

What is the lifecycle of Enterobius vermicularis?

A
  • Eggs are deposited on perianal region and are then ingested
  • Adults mature and gravid females migrate at night to the perianal region to deposit eggs
  • Deposited eggs becomes infectious in 4-6 hours
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3
Q

How does a Enterobius vermicularis infection present clinically?

A

Pruritis ani

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4
Q

How is Enterobius vermicularis dx?

A

-Tape method to detect the presence of eggs on perianal skin

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5
Q

What is the most effective way to minimize the spread of Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Handwashing

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6
Q

Which 2 types of nematodes are transmitted via contaminated soil ingestion?

A
  • Ascaris lumbricoides

- Trichuris trichiura

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7
Q

What nematode is known as the “large intestinal roundworm”?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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8
Q

What nematode is known as the “whipworm”?

A

Trichuris trichiura

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9
Q

What is the lifecycle of Ascaris lumbricoides?

A
  • Infective eggs are ingested
  • Larvae travel through the bloodstream to the lungs
  • Larvae travel to the mouth where they are swallowed
  • Adult worms produce eggs that take weeks to become infectious
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10
Q

What syndrome is a Ascaris lumbricoides infection associated with?

A

Pulmonary-Loeffler’s syndrome

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11
Q

How is Ascaris lumbricoides dx?

A

Eggs in stool

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12
Q

What is seen on the morphology of Trichuris trichiura?

A
  • Whiptail

- Egg capsules

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13
Q

What is the lifecycle of Trichuris trichiura?

A
  • Infective (embryonated) eggs are ingested
  • Larvae are released and mature into adults
  • Adults release eggs
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14
Q

How does a Trichuris trichiura infection present clinically?

A
  • Frequent painful passage of stool
  • Rectal prolapse can occur
  • Children may suffer growth retardation and anemia
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15
Q

How is Trichuris trichiura dx?

A

Presence of eggs in stool

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16
Q

Which worms are considered hookworms?

A
  • Necator americanus

- Ancylostoma duodenale

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17
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Necator americanus and

Ancylostoma duodenale?

A

Feed on blood from intestinal mucosa

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18
Q

How are Necator americanus and

Ancylostoma duodenale transmitted?

A

Infective stage larvae (filariform) penetrate skin

19
Q

How do Necator americanus and

Ancylostoma duodenale infections present clinically?

A
  • Blood-filled, pruritic lesions at the site of larval penetration “ground itch”
  • Anemia
20
Q

How are Necator americanus and

Ancylostoma duodenale dx?

A

Presence of eggs in stool sample

21
Q

What worm is known as “threadworms”?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

22
Q

What are the two multiplication cycles of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

In host (parasitic) or in soil (free living)

23
Q

How is Strongyloides stercoralis transmitted?

A

Infective larvae in soil penetrate the skin

24
Q

How does Strongyloides stercoralis present clinically?

A
  • Diarrhea, pain constipation, malabsorptioon

- Autoinfection can occur leading to chronic infection

25
Q

A Strongyloides stercoralis infection can be life threatening in pts with what?

A

A defect in cell mediated immunity

26
Q

How is Strongyloides stercoralis dx?

A

-Presence of larvae in stool sample

27
Q

What is the morphology of trematodes (flukes)?

A
  • Flattened, leaflike body
  • Presence of suckers
  • Hermaphroditic
28
Q

What type of worms have 2 intermediate hosts and 1 definitive host?

A

Trematodes (flukes)

29
Q

What type of worm is commonly found in pork?

A

Taenia solium

30
Q

What type of worm is commonly found in beef?

A

Taenia saginata

31
Q

What type of worm are Taenia solium and Taenia saginata?

A

Tapeworms

32
Q

What structure is unique to tapeworms (Taenia solium and Taenia saginata)?

A

Scolex (head structure)

33
Q

Are eggs released in the proglottids of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata infectious or non-infectious?

A

Immediately infectious

34
Q

What are the larvae of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata called?

A

Cysticeri

35
Q

What is the lifecycle of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata?

A
  • Infective eggs ingested by cattle or pigs
  • Cysticerci (larvae) develop in muscle
  • Poorly cooked meat ingested by a human releases the cysticercus
  • Proglottids (segments) released in the feces contain infectious eggs
36
Q

What can develop in Taenia solium infections if infective eggs are ingested?

A

Cysticercosis

-Typically asymptomatic, but serious sequlae can occur depending on infected site

37
Q

How are Taenia solium and Taenia saginata dx? (3)

A
  • Presence of eggs or proglottids in stool sample
  • Lesions demonstrated by CT scans
  • Definitive = histology
38
Q

What type of worm can become very long and contain thousands of proglottids?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

39
Q

What is the difference between the proglottids in Taenia solium/Taenia saginata and Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum eggs are released singly, not in proglottids

40
Q

Where is Diphyllobothrium latum geographically predominant?

A

The great lakes region and Alaska

41
Q

What is the lifecycle of Diphyllobothrium latum?

A
  • Infective larvae found in muscles of fish
  • Poorly cooked fish ingested by a human release the larvae
  • Adult worm develops and releases eggs in the feces
  • Eggs hatch in fresh water and are ingested by crustaceans
  • Crustaceans ingested by a small fish
42
Q

What does the Diphyllobothrium latum worm compete for in humans?
What other infection did we talk about that can cause this?

A

Vitamin B12

Giardia lamblia

43
Q

How is Diphyllobothrium latum dx? (3)

A
  • Presence of eggs in stool
  • ID of adult worm
  • Anemia

Microbiology (23 decks)

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