E1B

Question 1

axilla

Answer 1

pyramidal shaped space between upper part of arm and side of thorax

Question 2

axilla function

Answer 2

passage of nerves, blood/lymph vessels between root of neck and upper limb

Question 3

axilla apex

Answer 3

cervico-axillary canal

directed toward root of neck

Question 4

axilla apex boundaries

Answer 4

anterior: posterior border clavicle
posterior: superior border scapula
medial: lateral border 1st rib

Question 5

axilla base boundaries

Answer 5

anterior: anterior axillary fold (pectoralis major)
posterior: posterior axillary fold (teres major, latissimus dorsi)
medial: thoracic wall

Question 6

axilla anterior wall

Answer 6

pectoralis major/minor
sublclavius
clavipectoral fascia (encloses pec minor, subclavius)

Question 7

axilla posterior wall

Answer 7

scapula
subscapularis
teres major
latissimus dorsi

Question 8

axilla medial wall

Answer 8

upper 4 ribs (and intercostal spaces)

serratus anterior

Question 9

axilla lateral wall (narrowest)

Answer 9

intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

Question 10

axilla contents

Answer 10

axillary artery and its branches
axillary vein and its tributaries
axillary lymph nodes and vessels
brachial plexus (cords and their branches)

Question 11

axillary artery origin

Answer 11

lateral border of 1st rib as continuation of subclavian artery

Question 12

axillary artery termination

Answer 12

inferior border of teres major

becomes brachial artery

Question 13

axillary artery

Answer 13

surrounded by cords of brachial plexus and their branches

pectoralis minor crosses in front dividing it into 3 parts

Question 14

1st part of axillary artery

Answer 14

lateral border of 1st rib to medial border pectoralis minor

Question 15

2nd part of axillary artery

Answer 15

posterior to pectoralis minor

Question 16

3rd part of axillary artery

Answer 16

lateral border pectoralis minor to inferior border of teres major

Question 17

1st part of axillary artery branches

Answer 17

superior thoracic artery: supplies upper 2 intercostal spaces

Question 18

2nd part of axillary artery branches

Answer 18

thoracoacromial artery

lateral thoracic artery

Question 19

thoracoacromial artery

Answer 19

originates close to medial border of pectoralis minor
pierces clavipectoral fascia
gives off clavicular, acromial, pectoral, deltoid branches

Question 20

lateral thoracic artery

Answer 20

originates close to lateral border of pectoral minor to thoracic wall
supplies pectoralis muscles, serratus anterior, lateral part of breast

Question 21

3rd part of axillary artery branches

Answer 21

subscapular artery

anterior/posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 22

subscapular artery

Answer 22

usually largest branch of axillary
descents on subscapularis and divides into
circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries

Question 23

circumflex scapular artery

branch of subscapular

Answer 23

curves around lateral border of scapula (in triangular space) to supply posterior muscles of scapula

Question 24

thoracodorsal artery
(branch of subscapular)

Answer 24

inferior continuation of subscapular artery
supplies posterior wall muscles of axilla
terminates in latissimus dorsi

Question 25

anterior circumflex humeral artery

Answer 25

anterior part of surgical neck of humerus

Question 26

posterior circumflex humeral artery

Answer 26

larger than anterior passes through quadrangle space with axillary nerve posterior part of surgical neck of humerus anastomoses with anterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 27

arterial anastomoses around scapula

Answer 27

dorsal scapular (from subclavian) suprascapular (from subclavian) subscapular (from axillary)

Question 28

arterial anastomoses around scapula | clinical significance

Answer 28

allow for collateral circulation | direction of blood flow is reversed d/t ligation or lesion

Question 29

axillary vein origin

Answer 29

inferior border of teres major as continuation of basilica vein, ascends medial and anterior to axillary artery

Question 30

axillary vein terminates

Answer 30

lateral border of 1st rib, becomes subclavian vein

Question 31

axillary vein tributaries

Answer 31

correspond with branches of axillary artery plus cephalic vein brachial veins may drain into basilic or axillary veins

Question 32

axillary lymph nodes

Answer 32

``` anterior (pectoral) posterior (subscapular) lateral (humeral) central apical subclavian ```

Question 33

anterior (pectoral) lymph nodes

Answer 33

lateral border of pectoralis minor close to lateral thoracic vessels receive lymph from lateral quadrants of breast, anterior thoracic wall, anterior abdominal wall (above umbilicus)

Question 34

posterior (subscapular) lymph nodes

Answer 34

lie along subscapular vessels | receive lymph from back (above iliac crests)

Question 35

lateral (humeral) lymph nodes

Answer 35

lie along axillary vein | receive ALL lymph from upper limb EXCEPT that carried by lymph vessels accompanying cephalic vein (apical lymph nodes)

Question 36

central lymph nodes

Answer 36

lie in center of axilla | receive lymph from anterior, posterior, lateral nodes

Question 37

apical lymph nodes

Answer 37

lie at apex of axilla receive lymph from all other axillary nodes plus cephalic vein efferent vessels from apical group join to form subclavian lymph trunk

Question 38

subclavian lymph trunk

Answer 38

drains into thoracic duct (left side) and right lymphatic duct (right side) OR may drain separately at junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 39

brachial plexus proximal to distal

Answer 39

real texans drink cold beer | roots trunks divisions cords branches

Question 40

brachial plexus roots

Answer 40

ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

Question 41

brachial plexus trunks

Answer 41

superior middle inferior

Question 42

superior trunk brachial plexus

Answer 42

ventral rami of C5-6

Question 43

middle trunk brachial plexus

Answer 43

ventral ramus of C7

Question 44

inferior trunk brachial plexus

Answer 44

ventral rami of C8-T1

Question 45

posterior cord brachial plexus

Answer 45

3 posterior divisions of all 3 trunks

Question 46

lateral cord brachial plexus

Answer 46

anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

Question 47

medial cord brachial plexus

Answer 47

anterior division of inferior trunk

Question 48

posterior cord terminal branches

Answer 48

axillary nerve C56 | radial nerve C51

Question 49

lateral cord terminal branches

Answer 49

``` musculocutaneous nerve (C57) lateral root of median nerve ```

Question 50

medial cord terminal branches

Answer 50

``` ulnar nerve (C71) medial root of median nerve ```

Question 51

median nerve

Answer 51

lateral and medial roots C61

Question 52

branches from roots

Answer 52

dorsal scapular C5 | long thoracic C57

Question 53

branches from superior trunk

Answer 53

nerve to subclavius C56 | suprascapular nerve C56

Question 54

branches from posterior cord

Answer 54

upper and lower subscapular nerves C56 | thoracodorsal nerve C68

Question 55

branches from lateral cord

Answer 55

lateral pectoral nerve C57

Question 56

branches from medial cord

Answer 56

medial pectoral nerve C81 medial brachial cutaneous T1 medial antebrachial cutaneous C81