Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Tri 3 - Gross Anatomy II > Exam 4C > Flashcards

Exam 4C Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

cutaneous innervation of the sole of the foot

A

medial calcaneal branches of tibial nerve supply most of the heel
medial plantar nerve (terminal branch of tibial nerve): supplies medial ⅔ of sole of foot and medial 3½ toes
lateral plantar nerve (terminal branch of tibial nerve): supplies lateral ⅓ of sole of foot and lateral 1½ toes
small area along medial border of foot is supplied by saphenous nerve
small area of lateral heel and lateral border of foot is supplied by sural nerve (lateral calcaneal and lateral dorsal cutaneous branches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

attaches posteriorly to calcaneal tuberosity
distally, it divides into 5 digital bands, become continuous with fibrous flexor (digital) sheaths of corresponding toes
digital bands are connected to each other by transverse fibers at the level of metatarsal heads, superficial transverse metatarsal ligaments
functions: gives firm attachment to overlying skin, protects deeper structures (vessels, nerves, tendons, etc.), assists in maintaining longitudinal arches of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fibrous flexor sheaths

A

begin at level of metatarsal heads and extend to bases of distal phalanges
together with inferior surfaces of phalanges, interphalangeal joints and metatarsophalangeal joints, create osteofibrous tunnels on inferior (plantar) aspects of toes
osteofibrous tunnel of great toe contains tendon of flexor hallucis longus
osteofibrous tunnels of lateral 4 toes contain tendons of flexor digitorum longus and flexor digitorum brevis
within tunnels, tendons are surrounded by synovial sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1st layer muscles of sole of foot

A

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2nd layer muscles of sole of foot

A

tendon of flexor hallucis longus
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
4 lumbricals
quadratus plantae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3rd layer muscles of sole of foot

A

flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4th layer muscles of sole of foot

A

3 plantar interossei
4 dorsal interossei
tendon of fibularis longus
tendon of tibialis posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

actions of the muscles of the sole of the foot

A

actions of muscles of sole of foot are not very important individually because fine control of individual toes is not important to most people
muscles of sole of foot function primarily as a group in posture and locomotion
help to maintain arches of foot, resist forces that tend to flatten arches of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adductor hallucis

A

most medially located in 1st layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

adductor hallucis origin

A

medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

adductor hallucis insertion

A

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

adductor hallucis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

adductor hallucis action

A

abduction of proximal phalanx of great toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

central muscle of 1st layer, located immediately deep (superior) to plantar aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

flexor digitorum brevis origin

A

medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

flexor digitorum brevis insertion

A

muscle belly gives rise to 4 tendons for lateral 4 toes; tendons split into 2 slips to allow passage of tendons of flexor digitorum longus; slips insert into sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes (similar arrangement to flexor digitorum superficialis in hand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

flexor digitorum brevis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

flexor digitorum brevis action

A

flexion of middle and proximal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

most laterally located in 1st layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

abductor digiti minimi origin

A

medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneal tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

abductor digiti minimi insertion

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

abductor digiti minimi innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

abductor digiti minimi action

A

abduction proximal phalanx of little toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

(4) lumbricals origin

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
lumbricals insertion
medial side of extensor expansions of lateral 4 toes
26
lumbricals innervation
1st lumbrical: medial plantar nerve; | 2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbricals: lateral plantar nerve
27
lumbricals action
flexion of metatarsophalangeal joints and extension of interphalangeal joints of lateral 4 toes
28
quadrates plantae origin | flexor digitorum accessorius
by 2 heads from medial surface and lateral border of inferior (plantar) surface of calcaneus Insertion:
29
quadrates plantae insertion
posterolateral border of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
30
quadrates plantae innervation
lateral plantar nerve
31
quadrates plantae action
assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 toes (straightens its line of pull/corrects for obliquity of tendon of flexor digitorum longus)
32
flexor hallucis brevis origin
cuboid, lateral cuneiform and tendon of tibialis posterior
33
flexor hallucis brevis insertion
distally, muscle belly divides into 2 heads (medial and lateral), insert into medial and lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe, there is a sesamoid bone within tendon of each head tendon of flexor hallucis longus runs between medial and lateral heads of flexor hallucis brevis
34
flexor hallucis brevis innervation
medial plantar nerve
35
flexor hallucis brevis action
flexion of proximal phalanx of great toe
36
adductor hallucis origin
oblique head: bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals | transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd, 4th and 5th metatarsophalangeal joints
37
adductor hallucis insertion
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
38
adductor hallucis innervation
lateral plantar nerve
39
adductor hallucis action
adduction of proximal phalanx of great toe; assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot
40
flexor digiti minimi brevis origin
base of 5th metatarsal
41
flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
42
flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
lateral plantar nerve
43
flexor digiti minimi brevis action
flexion of proximal phalanx of little toe
44
interossei
axis for abduction/adduction of toes passes through 2nd toe plantar interossei: adductors of toes (PAD) dorsal interossei: abductors of toes (DAB) plantar and dorsal interossei also flex metatarsophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints
45
plantar interossei (3)
Origin: 3rd, 4th and 5th metatarsals Insertion: medial side of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd, 4th and 5th toes and their extensor expansions Nerve supply: lateral plantar nerve
46
dorsal interossei (4)
Origin: each dorsal interosseous originates by 2 heads from sides of 2 adjacent metatarsals Insertion: 1st and 2nd  medial and lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe; 3rd and 4th  lateral side of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd and 4th toes (all dorsal interossei also insert into extensor expansions of corresponding toes) Nerve supply: lateral plantar nerve
47
medial plantar artery
smaller terminal branch of posterior tibial artery enters sole of foot deep to abductor hallucis muscle, runs anteriorly between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles (accompanied by medial plantar nerve), ends distally by supplying medial side of great toe gives off numerous muscular and cutaneous branches along its course
48
lateral plantar artery
larger terminal branch of posterior tibial artery enters sole of foot deep to abductor hallucis muscle, runs anteriorly and laterally between flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae muscles (along its course, it is accompanied by lateral plantar nerve) at base of 5th metatarsal, it curves medially (passing deep to oblique head of adductor hallucis muscle) to form (deep) plantar arch plantar arch terminates at proximal end of 1st interosseous (intermetatarsal) space (between 1st and 2nd metatarsals), where it anastomoses with deep plantar artery (branch of dorsalis pedis artery)
49
lateral plantar artery branches
numerous muscular and cutaneous branches along its course perforating branches: originate from (deep) plantar arch, pass dorsally, between metatarsals, to anastomose with dorsal metatarsal arteries (on dorsum of foot) plantar metatarsal arteries: originate from (deep) plantar arch, run distally and give off plantar digital arteries that supply toes
50
medial plantar nerve
terminal branch of tibial nerve enters sole of foot deep to abductor hallucis muscle, runs anteriorly between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles (accompanied by medial plantar artery) its distribution is similar to that of median nerve in hand
51
medial plantar nerve muscular innervation
abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, 1st lumbrical and flexor hallucis brevis
52
medial plantar nerve cutaneous innervation
medial ⅔ of sole of foot and plantar aspects of medial 3½ toes (also supplies nail beds and tips of corresponding toes)
53
lateral plantar nerve
terminal branch of tibial nerve enters sole of foot deep to abductor hallucis muscle, runs anteriorly and laterally between flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae muscles (accompanied by lateral plantar artery), at base of 5th metatarsal, it divides into superficial and deep branches (deep branch accompanies [deep] plantar arch) its distribution is similar to that of ulnar nerve in hand
54
lateral plantar nerve muscular innervation
abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, 2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbricals, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis and all plantar and dorsal interossei
55
lateral plantar nerve cutaneous innervation
lateral ⅓ of sole of foot and plantar aspects of lateral 1½ toes (also supplies nail beds and tips of corresponding toes)
56
cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the foot
skin is thin, hairy and freely movable on underlying structures superficial fibular nerve divides into medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous branches, supply dorsum of foot, medial side of great toe and adjacent sides of 2nd to 5th toes medial branch of deep fibular nerve, supplies adjacent sides of great and 2nd toes saphenous nerve, supplies skin along medial border of foot as far as ball of great toe (1st metatarsophalangeal joint) sural nerve continues in foot as lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve, supplies skin along lateral border of foot and lateral aspect of little toe
57
dorsal venous arch
lies in subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia) dorsal digital veins drain into dorsal metatarsal veins: dorsal metatarsal veins drain into dorsal venous arch dorsal venous arch drains on medial side into great saphenous vein dorsal venous arch drains on lateral side into small saphenous vein
58
extensor digitorum brevis origin
anterior part of superior surface of calcaneus
59
extensor digitorum brevis insertion
muscle belly gives rise to 4 tendons that pass anteriorly and medially over dorsum of foot, most medial tendon inserts into base of proximal phalanx of great toe (this tendon with its proximal muscle belly is sometimes considered a separate muscle, extensor hallucis brevis), lateral 3 tendons join tendons of extensor digitorum longus for 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes
60
extensor digitorum brevis innervation
deep fibular nerve
61
extensor digitorum brevis action
extension of proximal phalanx of great toe | assists extensor digitorum longus in extending 2nd to 4th toes
62
dorsalis pedis artery
begins distal to ankle, as a continuation of anterior tibial artery runs superficially on dorsum of foot, with medial branch of deep fibular nerve, between tendon of extensor hallucis longus (medial to artery) and tendons of extensor digitorum longus (lateral to artery); pulsations of artery can be felt in this location terminates at proximal end of 1st interosseous (intermetatarsal) space (space between 1st and 2nd metatarsals) by dividing into 1st dorsal metatarsal artery and deep plantar artery
63
dorsalis pedis artery branches
medial and lateral tarsal arteries arcuate artery: runs laterally, deep to tendons of extensor digitorum longus and brevis, across bases of metatarsals, gives off 2nd to 4th dorsal metatarsal arteries, give rise to dorsal digital arteries for lateral part of 2nd toe and both sides of 3rd to 5th toes 1st dorsal metatarsal artery: gives off dorsal digital arteries for both sides of great toe and medial side of 2nd toe deep plantar artery: passes inferiorly (into sole of foot) between 2 heads of 1st dorsal interosseous muscle, completes (deep) plantar arch on medial side
64
deep fibular nerve
enters dorsum of foot on lateral side of dorsalis pedis artery, divides into medial and lateral branches lateral branch: supplies extensor digitorum brevis medial branch: supplies skin of adjacent sides of great toe and 2nd toe

Tri 3 - Gross Anatomy II (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions