E2 Vertebral regions and Atypical C1/atlas

Question 1

influences spinal kinematics

Answer 1

geometry of articular facets,

mechanical properties of connective tissue,

mechanical properties of muscle

Question 2

typical cervical couple with the greatest FLEXION-EXTENSION

Answer 2

C5/C6

Question 3

mostions coupled with the cervical spine

Answer 3

lateral bending and axial rotation

Question 4

ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebrae couples

Answer 4

C2/3,
C3/4,
C4/5

Question 5

ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple

Answer 5

C5/C6

Question 6

usual condition for caucasian typical cervical spinous process

Answer 6

they are bifid

Question 7

usual condition for african-american typical cervical spinous process

Answer 7

they are NON bifid

Question 8

muscles that attach to the typical cervical SPINOUS process

Answer 8

spinalis cervicis,
semispinalis cervicis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotators
interspinalis

Question 9

Anterior boundary of typical cervical intervertebral foramen

Answer 9

lateral groove
vertebral body of segment above and below
uncinate process
intervertebral disc
posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 10

POSTERIOR boundary of typical cervical intervertebral foramen

Answer 10

inferior articular process (post. zyg.)
superior articular process (pre. zyg)
capsular ligament
ligamentum flavum

Question 11

the unique ANTERIOR boundary of intervertebral foramen for C4 spinal nerve

Answer 11

lateral groove of C3 and

uncinate process of C4 = joint of luschka

Question 12

name of first cervical vertebra

Answer 12

atlas

Question 13

features lacking in C1

Answer 13

vertebral body,
pedicles
spinous process
intervertebral disc

Question 14

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1

Answer 14

anterior arch

Question 15

muscle that attaches to the anterior arch of C1

Answer 15

longus colli

Question 16

ligaments that attach to the anterior arch of C1

Answer 16

anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

Question 17

what is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1

Answer 17

fovea dentis

Question 18

morphology of the superior articular facet of C1

Answer 18

they are elliptical
closer together in front
often demonstrate and elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

Question 19

orientation of the SUPERIOR articular facet of C1

Answer 19

BUM

Question 20

joint classification of atlanto-occipital zygapophysis

Answer 20

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

Question 21

morphological characteristics of interior articular facet of C1

Answer 21

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

Question 22

orientation of INFERIOR articular facet C1

Answer 22

BMD

Question 23

joint classification of atlanto-axial zygapophysis

Answer 23

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

Question 24

name of rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1

Answer 24

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

Question 25

muscles that attach to the lateral mass of C1

Answer 25

levator scapula, splenius cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

Question 26

the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference of C1

Answer 26

~40%

Question 27

part of C1 represents the spinous process

Answer 27

posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

Question 28

distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

Answer 28

males: about 50mm female: about 37mm

Question 29

attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

Answer 29

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

Question 30

attaches to arcuate rim of C1

Answer 30

posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

Question 31

ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification

Answer 31

accessory bone

Question 32

the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed

Answer 32

about 7 y.o.

Question 33

what may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

Answer 33

partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

Question 34

other name used to ID ponticulus posticus

Answer 34

kimmerle's anomaly

Question 35

names given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

Answer 35

arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

Question 36

ponticulus posticus has been observed in what ethnic populations

Answer 36

all ethnic populations thus far

Question 37

general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied

Answer 37

1%-41%

Question 38

gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus

Answer 38

boss ass bitches | (or females, which ever makes you happiest inside)

Question 39

location of Zygapophysis relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlantal-axial intervertebral foramina

Answer 39

forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

Question 40

osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

Answer 40

costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

Question 41

ABSENT osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

Answer 41

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

Question 42

muscles that attach to the transverse process of C1

Answer 42

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscles

Question 43

suboccipital muscles known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura

Answer 43

rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

Question 44

connections between sub occipital muscles and the spinal dura

Answer 44

myodural bridges

Question 45

what are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to

Answer 45

lateral mass and transverse process of atlas

Question 46

opening is ID'ed when complete lateral bridge is formed

Answer 46

retrotransverse foramen

Question 47

possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen

Answer 47

vertebral artery branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

Question 48

which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is most numerous

Answer 48

ponticulus posticus

Question 49

which of the ponticles (bridges) of the atlas is ONLY observed in HUMANS

Answer 49

lateral bridges

Question 50

observed in transverse foramen of C1

Answer 50

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

Question 51

gender variation for measurement of the transverse diameter of C1

Answer 51

Males: 78 mm Females: 72 mm

Question 52

distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender

Answer 52

little over 30mm for both F and M

Question 53

joint classifications observed at C1

Answer 53

``` fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint synovial (diarthorsis) ellipsoidal joint synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint ```

Question 54

how many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1

Answer 54

5

Question 55

synovial joint surfaces observed at C1

Answer 55

2 superior articular facets 2 inferior articular facets fovea dentis