EAR Flashcards
(127 cards)
0
Q
ONLY Gray Ramus Communicans
A
Everything except T1-L2,L3
1
Q
Both gray AND white ramus communicans
A
T1-L2, L3
2
Q
Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers
A
Cholinergic
3
Q
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers
A
cholinergic
4
Q
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers
A
cholinergic
5
Q
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
A
NE
6
Q
parasympathetic: CN III, VII, IX supply what
A
structures in head
7
Q
parasymp: CN X supply what
A
cardiac, respiratory, digestive
8
Q
Parasym: S2, S3, S4 supply
A
distal parts of digestive system and urogenital system
9
Q
Parasympathetic oculomotor nerve preganglionic cell bodies are located where
A
accessory oculomotor nucleus
10
Q
Preganglionic cell bodies of the oculomotor nerve synapse where
A
ciliary ganglion
11
Q
Oculomotor nerve postganglionic fibers are carried in what structure
A
short ciliary nerves
12
Q
Short ciliary nerves of the oculomotor nerve enter the eyeball and supply what two muscles
A
ciliary muscle
sphincter pupillae
13
Q
Ciliary muscle action
A
contraction makes the lens more convex to focus on closer objects
14
Q
sphincter pupillae action
A
contraction decreases size of pupil
15
Q
Facial nerve preganglionic cell bodies are located where
A
superior part of the salivary nucleus
16
Q
Facial nerve exits the CNS in what structure
A
intermediate nerve
17
Q
ear: ectodermal thickening on the lateral head is called what
A
placode
18
Q
placode invaginates giving rise to what
A
auditory pit
19
Q
auditory pit gives rise to what
A
auditory vesicle
20
Q
Auditory vesicle gives rise to what
A
membranous inner ear
21
Q
Auditory tube and tympanic cavity is derived from what
A
first pharyngeal pouch
22
Q
Malleus is derived from what
A
dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage
23
Q
Incus develops from what
A
dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch
24
Stapes is derived from
dorsal end of the second pharyngeal arch
25
Tympanic membrane is derived from
interstitial mesoderm
26
External acoustic canal
first pharyngeal groove
27
Auricle develops from what
groove next to the first pharyngeal groove
28
Auricle AKA
Pinna
29
Auricle means what
"horn like"
30
intrinsic muscles of the ear
```
helicus major + minor
tragicus
antitragicus
transverse muscle of the auricle
oblique muscle of the auricle
```
31
smallest extrinsic muscle of the auricle
anterior auricular muscle
32
where does the anterior auricular muscle insert
inserts in front of the helix
33
which is the largest of the extrinsic muscles of the auricle
superior auricular muscle
34
Where does the superior auricular muscle insert
superior side of auricle
35
where does the posterior auricular muscle insert
lower posterior aspect of concha
36
Medial 2/3 of the EAM is located within what
temporal bone
37
Modified sweat glands within the EAM produce what
cerumen
38
EAM terminates at what
tympanic membrane
39
Motor supply to the external ear
temporal and posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
40
sympathetic supply of the external ear
superior cervical ganglion
41
two parts of the middle ear
tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess
42
Three small bones of the middle ear
malleus, incus, stapes
43
two muscles located in the tympanic cavity
stapedius
| tensor tympani
44
Roof of middle ear AKA
tegmental wall
45
Tegmental Wall/ Roof is formed by what
petrous part of the temporal bone
46
Floor of the middle ear AKA
Jugular wall
47
Jugular wall is formed by what
thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein
48
A small opening in the jugular wall serves as the entrance for what
tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
49
lateral boundary of the middle ear AKA
membranous wall
50
Membranous wall is almost entirely formed by what
tympanic membrane
51
membranous/lateral wall is adjacent to what
epitympanic recess
52
What is the name of the opening between the tympanic cavity and mastoid air cells
aditus of the mastoid antrum
53
aditus of the mastoid antrum is a part of what boundary
posterior/mastoid wall
54
Pyramidal eminence is the opening for what
tendon of stapedius m. passes through
55
What is the name of the opening in the posterior/mastoid wall
pyramidal eminence
56
Opening for the chorda tympani is located within which boundary of the middle ear
posterior/mastoid wall
57
Which wall separates the cavity from the internal carotid artery
carotid wall
58
opening for the pharyngotympanic tube is located in which boundary
carotid wall
59
Opening for the tensor tympani is located in which boundary
carotid wall
60
chorda tympani exits the cavity in a small opening in which wall
carotid wall
61
The impression made by the cochlea
promontory
62
the lesser petrosal nerve leaves the tympanic plexus and travels where
otic ganglion
63
stapes attaches to the oval window on which wall
labrynthine or medial wall
64
which semicircular canal forms a small impression in the labrynthine/ medial wall
lateral
65
Which is the largest bone of the middle ear
malleus
66
which bones sits against the oval window
stapes
67
sensory supply to the middle ear
Tympanic nerve of CN IX
68
What supplies the stapedius muscle
nerve supply to the stapedius of the facial nerve
69
what supplies the tensor tympani muscle
medial pterygoid nerve
70
corticotympanic nerve carries what type of fiber
secretomotor and vasomotor
71
Two parts of the inner ear
bony labyrinth
| membranous labyrinth
72
bony labyrinth is an enclosure for what
membranous labyrinth
73
three parts of bony labyrinth
cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals
74
what fluid seperates the bony from the membranous labyrinth
perilymph
75
What structure contains the cochlear duct
cochlea
76
the vestibule contains what two structures
utricle
| saccule
77
what are the directional terms for the three semicircular canals
lateral, anterior, posterior
78
what type of fluid is within the membranous labyrinth
endolymph
79
the membranous labyrinth is divided into two labyrinths. what are they?
cochlear labyrinth
| vestibular labyrinth
80
the cone shaped central bony structure around the cochlea is called what
modiolus
81
the apex of the cochlea directed anterolaterally is called what
cochlear cupula
82
what three channels make up the cochlea
scala vestibuli
cochlear duct
scala tympani
83
cochlear duct ends at what structure
apex aka
| cochlear cupula
84
both scala communicate with eachother at the apex of the cochlea via what structure
helicotrema
85
which scala lies above the cochlear duct
scala vestibuli
86
oval window forms the base of what
scala vestibuli
87
scala vestibuli is filled with what fluid
perilymph
88
which scala is below the cochlear duct
scala tympani
89
what fluid surrounds the scala tympani
perilymph
90
base of the scala tympani
round window
91
vibrations transmitted through the scala vestibuli pass to the scala tympani via the
helicotrema
92
the cochlear duct is filled with what fluid
endolymph
93
cochlear duct is anchored to the outer wall of the cochlea by what
spiral ligament
94
cochlear duct is separated from the scala vestibuli via
vestibular membrane
95
cochlear duct is separated from the scala tympani via
basilar or spiral membrane
96
another name for basilar membrane
spiral membrane
97
what structure is located on the floor of the cochlear duct and is attached to the basilar/spiral membrane
spiral organ
98
Spiral organ is sensitive to what type of soundwaves that enter the cochlea
frequency and amplitude
99
hair cells in the spiral organ are surrounded by
tectorial membrane
100
The cell bodies for the primary sensory neurons is located where
spiral ganglion
101
vibrations from the middle ear amplify noise how much
1.2x
102
oval window is much smaller than tympanic membrane, therefore noise is amplified how much when reaching cochlea
17x
103
vibrations of the basilar membrane causes stimulation of receptors in what structure
spiral organ
104
information from the spiral organ is transmitted where
cochlear nerve
105
what communicates with the cochlear duct
saccule
106
utricle communicates with what
all three semicircular ducts
| saccule
107
utricle communicates with the saccule by way of what
utricosaccular duct
108
what is the sense organs within the utricle and the saccule
maculae (hairlike projections)
109
what is the name of the "stone" that floats in endolymph that elicits impulses when defecting the maculae
otoliths
110
utricle detects what type of accelerations
centrifugal
| vertical
111
saccule detects what type of acceleration
linear
112
sense organ within the semicircular duct
crista
113
crista are located in what structure of each duct
ampulla
114
semicircular ducts are sensitive to what type of acceleration
sensitive to all acceleration types BUT particularly rotational
115
impulses initiated from the maculae and crista are carried by neurons with cell bodies located in
vestibular ganglion
116
two branches of the vestibular ganglion
superior and inferior
117
the superior branch is larger and carries information from where
anterior semicircular duct
lateral semicircular duct
utricle
saccule via VOITS NERVE
118
inferior branch carries information from
posterior semicircular
| saccule
119
Nerve supply to the labyrinth
cavernous and/or internal carotid plexus
120
cochlear nerve is composed of axons from where
spiral ganglion
121
information is relayed through the cochlear nuclei to what two structures in the MO
superior olivary nucleus
| trapezoid nucleus
122
cochlear nerve information is carried in the lateral lemniscus to which two bodies
inferior colliculi
| medial geniculate bodies
123
information from the cochlear nerve is relayed to the temporal lobe to reach
Broadmann area 41 and 42
124
vestibular nerve is made up of axons from where
vestibular ganglion
125
vestibular nerve axons synapse where
vestibular nerve complex
126
information from the vestibular nerve is processed in what part of the brain
cerebellum
