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Nursing Fundamentals/Assessment > Ear Assessment > Flashcards

Ear Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

External Ear includes

A

external auditory canal and tympanic membrane

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2
Q

external auditory canal

A

opening of external ear

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3
Q

tympanic membrane

A

ear drum; translucent membrane with a pearly gray color

separates the external and middle ear

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4
Q

Middle Ear

A

tiny ear filled cavity inside the temporal bone

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5
Q

Middle Ear includes

A

malleus, incus, stapes, and eustachian tube

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6
Q

malleus

A

tiny ear bones or auditory ossicles

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7
Q

incus

A

tiny ear bones or auditory ossicles

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8
Q

stapes

A

tiny ear bones or auditory ossicles; opens to TM

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9
Q

Eustachian tube

A

connects middle ear with nasopharynx and allows passage of air
tube is normally closed, but it opens with swallowing or yawning

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10
Q

Functions of the Middle Ear

A

a. Conducts sound vibrations from the outer ear to the central hearing apparatus in the inner ear
b. Protects the inner ear by reducing the amplitude of loud sounds
c. Eustachian Tube - allows equalization of air pressure on each side of the TM so that the membrane does not rupture

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11
Q

Inner Ear consists of a

A

bony labyrinth and cochlea

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12
Q

Bony Labyrinth

A

holds sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing

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13
Q

Bony Labyrinth consists of

A

vestibules and semicircular canals

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14
Q

vestibule

A

compose the vestibular apparatus

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15
Q

semicircular canals

A

compose the vestibular apparatus

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16
Q

cochlea

A

contains the central hearing apparatus

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17
Q

Hearing: Peripheral

A

ear transmits sound and converts its vibrations into electrical impulses which can be analyzed by the brain

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18
Q

Hearing: Brain Stem

A

binaural interaction

permits locating the direction of a sound in space as well as identifying the sound

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19
Q

Hearing: Cerebral Cortex

A

Interpret the meaning of the sound and begin the appropriate response

20
Q

Pathway of Hearing

A

normal pathway of hearing is air conduction; alternate route of hearing is by bone conduction (bones of the skull vibrate - vibrations are transmitted directly to inner ear and to cranial nerve VIII

21
Q

Hearing Loss

A

Anything that obstructs the transmission of sound impairs hearing

22
Q

Two types of hearing loss

A

conductive hearing loss and sensorineural (or perceptive) hearing loss

23
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

involves a mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear

24
Q

sensorineural (or perceptive) hearing loss

A

pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII or the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex

25
Q

Equilibrium

A

labyrinth (inner ear) constantly feeds information to your brain about your body’s position in space
ex) vertigo

26
Q

vertigo

A

strong, spinning, whirling sensation

27
Q

Transcultural Considerations

A

otitis media and cerumen

28
Q

Transcultural Considerations: otitis media

A

increased incidence and severity with exposure to second-hand smoke, daycare attendance, bottle fed infants in supine position, fall/winter months

29
Q

Transcultural Considerations: cerumen

A

Asians and Native Americans usually have a dry flaky cerumen; Caucasian and African Americans/Blacks usually have wet/moist cerumen

30
Q

History (subjective)

A

A. Ear aches, ear pain, hx of ear infections - adult, childhood, frequency, tx.
B. Ear d/c or difficulty hearing.
C. Any trouble/difficulty hearing
D. Loud noise exposures, environmental noise - home or work exposures
E. Hx Tinnitus
F. Hx Vertigo
G. Self Care - how are ears cleaned, last time hearing evaluated

31
Q

Physical Exam/Assessment of Ears (Objective)

A

A. Inspect & palpate the size and shape of the external ear
B. Observe for tenderness with external palpation
C. Otoscopic Examination
D. Hearing Acuity
E. Voice Test
F. Tuning Fork Test

32
Q

Otoscopic Examination

A
  1. External Canal - note any redness, swelling, lesions foreign bodies or d/c
  2. Tympanic Membrane - color & characteristic, LR, landmarks, position
33
Q

Hearing Acuity

A

audiometry or crude test with conversation

34
Q

Voice Test

A

whisper 2 syllable word at 2 feet distance - cover lips/mouth, ask patient to repeat back or whisper slowly (with lips/mouth covered) a set of 3 random numbers and letters at 2 feet distance, ask patient to repeat back

35
Q

Tuning Fork Test

A

not routinely performed anymore as evidence has show to be inaccurate

36
Q

Ear Abnormalities

A 
Otitis Externa
Otitis Media
Serous Otitis Media
Sebaceous Cyst
Perforation
Darwin's Tubercle
Tophi
Ceruminosis
Foreign Body
37
Q

Otitis Externa

A
  • swimmer’s ear; infection of the outer ear with severe swelling of the canal, inflammation and tenderness.
  • hearing normal or slightly diminished
38
Q

Otitis Media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

39
Q

Serous Otitis Media

A

collection of non-infected fluid in the middle ear space.

40
Q

Sebaceous Cyst

A

usually located behind lobule in the postauricular fold.

Filled with waxy sebaceous material and painful if it becomes infected.

41
Q

Perforation

A

Hole or rupture in the eardrum

occurs when acute otitis media is not treated or through trauma. the drum may rupture from increased pressure.

42
Q

Darwin’s Tubercle

A

small bump on the inside of their upper ear.

43
Q

Tophi

A

small, whitish yellow, hard, nontender nodules in or near helix or antihelix.
Sign of gout.

44
Q

Ceruminosis

A

obstruction of the ear canal with wax

45
Q

Foreign Body

A

presence of foreign object in the ear

Nursing Fundamentals/Assessment (24 decks)

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