Ear & Nose Anatomy Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
what is the tip of the nose called
A
apex
2
Q
what is the upper lip to nose area called
A
philtrum
3
Q
what is the ala of the nose
A
the wings
4
Q
what part of the ethmoid bone makes up the nasal septum
A
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
5
Q
what parts of the ethmoid bone form the roof of the nasal cavity
A
cribiform plate and crista galli
6
Q
what parts of the ethmoid bone form the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
A
superior and middle conchae, ethmoidal air cells
7
Q
what bones contribute to the septum of the nasal cavity
A
perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer
8
Q
which types of le fort fractures can disrupt the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
A
2 and 3
9
Q
what is the risk of disrupting the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone in a le fort fracture
A
infection can spread from nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses to anterior cranial fossa
10
Q
what are the names of the conchae
A
superior, middle, inferior
11
Q
what bone is the superior concha a part of
A
ethmoid
12
Q
what bone is the middle concha a part of
A
ethmoid
13
Q
what bone is the inferior concha a part of
A
its own bone!
14
Q
what type of cartilage is in the nasal septum
A
hyaline
15
Q
what type of epithelium lines the vestibule of the nose
A
keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
16
Q
what type of epithelium lines the majority of the nasal cavities
A
respiratory epithelium
17
Q
what type of epithelium lines the superior aspect of the nasal cavity and is responsible for smell
A
olfactory mucosa
18
Q
what type of nerve is CNI
A
special sensory
19
Q
where does CNI pass through the base of the skull
A
cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
20
Q
where are receptor cells located for smelling
A
in olfactory mucosa
21
Q
where does the olfactory tract end
A
temporal lobe
22
Q
what nerve is responsible for sensation of the nasal cavity
A
CNV1 anterosuperiorly
CNV2 posteroinferiorly
23
Q
what branch of the inner carotid artery supplies the nose
A
ophthalmic
24
Q
what branches of the external carotid artery supply the nose
A
facial and maxillary
25
what branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the nasal cavities
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
26
what branches of the maxillary artery supply the nasal cavities
sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
27
what branches of the facial artery supply the nasal cavities
lateral nasal branch or septal branch of superior labial artery
28
what is Kiesselbach’s (Little’s) area
arterial anastomosis on nasal septum
29
what is the clinical significance of kiesselbach's area
common site of epistaxis
30
what are the meatuses
spaces under each concha
31
name the meatuses
sphenoethmoidal recess, superior meatus, middle meatus, inferior meatus
32
what is the sensory supply to the inferior nasal concha
CN V2
33
where does the eustachian tube open onto the pharynx
lateral wall of nasopharynx
34
how to confirm placement of a NG tube
x-ray; tip of NG below diaphragm & 10cm beyond GOJ
35
what is the name of the small hairs in the nasal cavities
vibrissae
36
what are the paranasal sinuses
air-filled spaces within bones
37
what lines the paranasal sinuses
mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa
38
what are the names of the paranasal sinuses
x2 frontal sinuses
x2 maxillary sinuses
x2 sets ethmoidal air cells
x2 sphenoidal sinuses
39
where does the frontal sinus drain to
middle meatus
40
where do ethmoidal air cells drain to
superior and middle meatuses
41
where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into
sphenoethmoidal recess
42
where does the maxillary sinus drain into
middle meatus
43
what is sinusitis
paranasal sinus mucosa inflam
44
what is the sensory innervation of the sinuses
CN V1 and V2
45
where might pain be referred to in sinusitis
teeth
46
which sinus is most predisposed to inflammation and why
maxillary sinus since mucous has to drain against gravity
47
what is the thinnest part of skull
pterion
48
what bones contribute to the pterion
frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid
49
what shape is the pterion
letter H
50
what are the two parts of the temporal bone and which is more superior/inferior
superior squamous part, inferior petrous part
51
what processes are part of the petrous part of the temporal bone
zygomatic, styloid, mastoid
52
what are the names of the cranial fossas
anterior, middle, posterior
53
how is the base of the skull divided
into cranial fossae
54
what bones contribute to the anterior cranial fossa
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
55
what bones contribute to the middle cranial fossa
sphenoid, temporal
56
what bones contribute to the posterior cranial fossa
temporal, occipital
57
how does CNI pass through the base of the skull
cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
58
how does CNII pass through the base of the skull
optic canal of sphenoid
59
how does CNIII pass through the base of the skull
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
60
how does CNIV pass through the base of the skull
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
61
how does CNV1 pass through the base of the skull
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
62
how does CNV2 pass through the base of the skull
foramen rotundum
63
how does CNV3 pass through the base of the skull
foramen ovale
64
how does CNVI pass through the base of the skull
superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
65
how does CNVII pass through the base of the skull
internal acoustic meatus
66
how does CNVIII pass through the base of the skull
internal acoustic meatus
67
how does CNIX pass through the base of the skull
jugular foramen
68
how does CNX pass through the base of the skull
jugular foramen
69
how does CNXI pass through the base of the skull
jugular foramen
70
how does CNXII pass through the base of the skull
hypoglossal canal
71
what parts is the ear split into
external, middle, internal
72
where is the external ear
auricle to tympanic membrane
73
where is the middle ear
tympanic membrane to oval window/ eustachian tube
74
where is the internal ear
oval window to internal acoustic meatus
75
what is the function of the external ear
collects and conveys sound waves to tympanic membrane
76
what is the function of the middle ear
amplifies & conducts sound waves to the internal ear
77
what is the function of the internal ear
converts special sensory information, conducts APs to brain
78
what is the sensory supply to the ear lobe
C2,3 spinal nerve
79
what is the sensory supply to the ear helix
CN VII
80
what is the sensory supply to the superior external acoustic meatus
CN V3
81
what is the sensory supply to the inferior external acoustic meatus
CN X
82
what is the sensory supply to most of the external acoustic meatus
CN V3
83
what is the lymphatic drainage to the lateral surface of superior half of the auricle
parotid lymph nodes
84
what is the lymphatic drainage to the cranial surface of superior half of the auricle
mastoid lymph nodes
85
what is the lymphatic drainage from the inferior half of the auricle
superficial cervical lymph nodes
86
where do all of the lymph nodes for the ear eventually drain to
deep cervical lymph nodes in carotid sheath
87
where do deep cervical lymph nodes drain to
thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
88
what kind of cartilage forms the external ear
avascular elastic cartilage
89
which glands produce earwax
ceruminous glands
90
what is examined in otoscopic exam
EAM and tympanic membrane
91
what is the most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane
umbo
92
what is the thick part of the tympanic membrane posteroinferiorly
pars tensa
93
what is the thin part of the tympanic membrane superiorly
pars flaccida
94
what is the difference in the EAM between an adult and a child
short and straight in a child, curved in an adult
95
sensory innervation to middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, tonsils and nasopharynx
CN IX glossopharyngeal
96
sensory innervation to tympanic membrane external surface
CN V3 auriculotemporal branch
97
sensory innervation to tympanic membrane internal surface
CN IX
98
name the structure that connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
eustachian tube
99
what are the auditory ossicles
3 bones of the middle ear
100
what are the names of the ossicles
incus “anvil”
stapes “stirrup”
malleus “mallet”
101
where is the tympanic cavity in relation to the tympanic membrane
posterior
102
where is the epitympanic recess in relation to the tympanic membrane
superior
103
what structure connects the middle and internal ear
oval window
104
nasopharynx, oropharynx
| sensory innervation
CN IX
105
laryngopharynx sensory innervation
CN X
106
what is the adenoid
pharyngeal tonsil
107
where is the adenoid
upper aspect of nasopharynx
108
what tonsil is commonly referred to as the tonsil
palatine tonsil
109
what is the name of the structure described as the doorway into the mastoid antrum
aditus
110
where is the aditus
superior aspect on epitympanic recess
111
what two structures does the aditus connect
mastoid antrum and epitympanic recess
112
what nerve travels over the superior aspect of the internal tympanic membrane
chorda tympanii
113
what structure does the facial nerve travel through on the posterior wall of the middle ear cavity
facial canal
114
what structure describes the bony swelling on the medial wall of the middle ear cavity
promontory
115
what structures does the facial canal lie between
internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen
116
where is the stylomastoid foramen in relation to the floor of the middle ear cavity
inferior
117
how many axon modalities does the facial nerve have
4
118
what are the axon modalities of the facial nerve
special sensory, sensory, motor and parasympathetic
119
where does the facial nerve attach to the CNS
pons and medulla junction
120
which cranial fossa is the internal acoustic meatus in
posterior cranial fossa
121
what structures does the facial nerve pass through when leaving the base of the skull
internal acoustic meatus to stylomastoid foramen
122
which bone is the internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen a part of
petrous temporal bone
123
what does the chorda tympani supply
taste to anterior 2/3 tongue and parasympathetic to submandibular/sublingual salivary glands
124
what nerves form the chorda tympani
CNVII and lingual nerve branch of CNV3
125
which ossicle has reduced movement to protect the inner ear from excessive noise
stapes
126
what reduces the movement of the stapes and what innervates it
stapedius muscle innervated by CNVII
127
what nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression
CNVII
128
where do the muscles of facial expression originate
bone
129
where do the muscles of facial expression insert
superficial fascia
130
what muscle of facial expression is on the forehead and what direction are its fibres
frontalis, vertical
131
what muscle of facial expression tightly closes the eyes
orbicularis oculi
132
what muscles of facial expression are responsible for smiling
elevators of lips
133
what muscles of facial expression are responsible for puffing out the cheeks
orbicularis oris
134
what are the muscles of facial expression
frontalis, orbicularis oculi, elevators of lips, orbicularis oris
135
what structure in the cheeks when lost is a sign of malnutrition
buccal fat pad
136
what is the term for the junction of the lips and skin
vermilion border
137
what are the names of the two parts of CNVIII
cochlear nerve and vestibular nerve
138
which part of CNVIII is responsible for hearing
cochlear nerve
139
which part of CNVIII is responsible for balance
vestibular nerve
140
what part of the skull is the internal ear in
petrous part of temporal bone
141
what is the otic capsule
dense body labyrinth of the inner ear
142
which part of the skull is the otic capsule in
temporal bone
143
what fluid is contained within the otic capsule
perilymph
144
what is suspended within perilymph
membranous labyrinth, sacs/ducts, endolymph
145
what are the names of the 3 canals in the labyrinth
anterior semicircular canal, lateral semicurcular canal, posterior semicircular canal
146
what are the names of the windows of the labyrinth and where do the sit in relation to one another
oval window superior to round window
147
what structure forms the medial part of the labyrinth
cochlea
148
what are the parts of the cochlea
cupula apex, inner 2nd turn, outer 1st turn
149
where is the cochlear duct
within the cochlea
150
what fills the cochlear duct
endolymph
151
what fills the semicircular ducts
endolymph
152
where are the semicurcular ducts
semicircular canals
153
where are the vestibular nerve action potentials
within semicircular ducts
154
where are the cochlear nerve action potentials
within cochlear duct
155
what part of the stirrups sits in the oval window
base of stirrups
156
what structure dampens pressure waves in ear
round window
157
where does CNVIII connect to the CNS
pons and medulla junction
158
where does CNVIII leave the base of the skull
internal acoustic meatus
159
where is a le fort fracture type 1
horizontal maxillary fracture
160
where is a le fort fracture type 2
through maxilla, upper middle part through nasofrontal suture
161
where is a le fort fracture type 3
separates cranium and face; through nasofrontal suture, through orbital wall, through zygoma
