Early Colonies (1607-1690)

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

(means rebirth)
-rediscovery of the works/texts of the ancient Greeks and ancient Romans
-these texts survived bc Arabic ppls translated them from Greek and Europeans translated it from Arabic

Question 2

What was the effect of the Ottoman Empire’s conquest of Constantinople 1453?

Answer 2

-Constantinople served as a trade gateway between Europe and Asia
-after the Turks conquest, Europeans needed to find ALTERNATE TRADE ROUTES to access Asian goods.
-this PROMOTED EXPLORATION!!

Question 3

what was the primary focus of Portuguese exploration?

Answer 3

-trade with Asia
-Prince Henry the navigator funded exploration early 1400s

Question 4

Capture of Granada 1492

Answer 4

-Granada=last Moorish outpost in Spain
-conquest unified country under one monarchy and let focus on other military adventures
-King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella completed conquest of Spain from the Moors by capturing Granada!

Question 5

Fortress at St. Augustine, Florida 1565

Answer 5

Spain established this as a lookout to protect its Caribbean sea routes

Question 6

Besides Mexico and Central and South America, what other locations did the Spanish colonize?

Answer 6

(southern parts of the USA)
Texas
New Mexico
Florida
California

Question 7

Pueblo Revolt 1680

Answer 7

-Pueblo natives in modern-day New Mexico revolted against Spain due to forced Catholicism and cruelty towards the natives
-led by Popé, a religious leader

Question 8

Where did the FRENCH focus their colonial efforts
?

Answer 8

-around the St. Lawrence River (where founded colony of Quebec 1608)
-french exploration dominated by the fur trade and efforts driven by fashion

Question 9

How did the FRENCH interact with the Native Americans?

Answer 9

most contact was peaceful!
(primary focus was on trade)

Question 10

Joint-stock company

Answer 10

funds are contributed into a common pool by investors who share in the company’s profits and losses
-without these, English colonization would have been far more difficult as they provided money for early colonization

Question 11

Jamestown, Virginia 1607

Answer 11

-First permanent ENGLISH colony in the New World
-survived despite disease and poor planning
-diseases, food and labor shortages occurred
-John Smith’s policy of “no work, no food” made conditions improve until “starving time”

Question 12

Royal charter

Answer 12

-a grant from the King of England giving special privileges like self-government
-meant you were in charge of a piece of land that could be ruled however you want as long as you’re loyal to the king and managed it well
-often given to a colony, company, or individual person

Question 13

What two modern day states were part of the Chesapeake Colonies?

Answer 13

Virginia and Maryland
were among the 2 most highly populated colonies out of the 13

Question 14

How did tobacco influence the Chesapeake and N Carolina colonies?

Answer 14

labor-intensive cultivation of tobacco led to the GROWTH of SLAVERY in Chesapeake colonies

Question 15

How did Chesapeake colonies attain almost all their wealth?

Answer 15

By using enslaved ppls from Africa, owners of tobacco plantations could keep their operating costs low

Question 15

Puritans

Answer 15

FOUNDED NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
-ppl who came to N America to have more “religious freedom”
-were a religious threat to church of england bc sought to “purify” Christian religious practices

Question 16

how did democracy function in Massachusetts?

Answer 16

male members of the PURITAN church had the right to elect:
-governor
-governor’s assistants
-representative assembly

Question 17

indentured servitude

Answer 17

-under this, a person’s passage to the new world was paid in advance in exchange for several years of labor
-used to fill labor shortages

Question 18

Slavery in Virginia

Answer 18

-all enslaved mothers’ children were declared enslaved
-baptism could no longer free an enslaved person
-enslavers could legally kill an enslaved person since that person was their property

Question 19

What was Bacon’s Rebellion and what were the major effects?

Answer 19

1. Native Americans attacked frontier settlements in Virginia
2. Nathaniel Bacon (poor white farmer) gathered a small army of free and indentured farmers to counter-attack against Native ppls

EFFECTS:
-end of indentured servitude as a form of bondage
-creation of laws that ensured slavery would be intergenerational

Question 20

What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639?

Answer 20

-first written constitution in New World
-governed Puritan colony at Hartford

Question 21

What religious group founded Pennsylvania?

Answer 21

QUAKERS

Question 22

What was the status of women in Pennsylvania?

Answer 22

William Penn (part of Quaker ethos) insisted women be given EQUAL RIGHTS with men!

Question 23

Roger Williams

Answer 23

-advocated a separation of church and state
-established Providence in 1636 and granted colonists complete religious freedom

Question 24

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 24

-founded PORTSMOUTH 1638
-preached she received revelations from God which ran contrary to Puritan teaching
-Hutchinson’s colony of Portsmouth and Williams’s colony of Providence united under Williams’s control

Question 25

Where did the Dutch place their colonies?

Answer 25

-along the Hudson River
-Primary Dutch colony was New Amsterdam, modern-day New York, and Albany

Question 26

mercantilism

Answer 26

-idea that wealth cannot be created, it simply exists
-must take wealth from other areas, this is the reason for colonies-to enrich the mother country

Question 27

How did the Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663 restrict trade?

Answer 27

all trade with American colonies must take place in Britain