Early Middle Ages (500-1050)

Question 1

Dark Ages

Answer 1

deez boiz

Question 2

Byzantine Empire

Answer 2

lasts until 1453, spans whole middle ages–successor to Rome

Question 3

Justinian

Answer 3

(527-565)–Tried to establish Constantinople as showpiece–left some notable buildings like Hagia Sophia; law code Corpus Iuris CIvilis (that’s what Luther was bought);
Reconquers Italy and Vandal area (near Carthage)–led by General Belisarius;
Famous wife Theodora–wore the pants in the family?

Question 4

Iconoclasm

Answer 4

sense that eastern religion loves images and stuff, but it was connected to idolatry by some occasionally. Breaking them is called iconoclasm

Question 5

Eastern Empire of 500s

Answer 5

Sassanid Empire

Question 6

successor kingdoms to the Western Roman Empire

Answer 6

Vandals (NA)
Visigoths (SP)
Ostrogoths (IT)
France (GL)
Burgundians (EFR)
Alamanni (GR)
Saxons (BR/NEU)
Jutes (JL)
Celtics (UK) (King Artorius resists UK being captured-- King Arthur

Question 7

Authority of Pope

Answer 7

came from Roman Empire fall–pontifex maximus is greatest bridge-maker

Question 8

St. Patrick

Answer 8

missionary

Question 9

feudalism and clergy

Answer 9

Monks and priests were most educated people in society, so the church became heavily involved in feudalism. Every bishop and every abott was a feudal lord–but they had no knights

Question 10

Cluny

Answer 10

Monastery that was free from feudal relationships and became the biggest one

Question 11

Feudalism

Answer 11

De-centralized gov’t–local lords
Counts and dukes sprout up to lead smaller areas
Lord gives land to vassal in exchange for service (vassals have vassals and could pay homage to multiple lords)–roughly 40 days a year vassals had to serve lords
Peasants aren’t involved in system–90% that work the land
Church, then nobles, peasants
Manorialism/serfdom–economic structure of working the land
Church wants emperors for stability, to control feudal lords and keep state stable. Church wants centralized gov’t

Question 12

Mohammed

Answer 12

(570-632) illiterate caravan driver who had a night flight to heaven at some rock where he wrote the Quran.

Question 13

Muslim

Answer 13

one who submits–views world as muslims and everyone else. claims jesus is just a prophet

Question 14

Hegira

Answer 14

622–moved from Mecca to Medina

Question 15

Sunni

Answer 15

succession was through Abu Bakr, Mohammed’s right hand man and relative, have Caliphates

Question 16

Shiite

Answer 16

next leader is Mohammed’s son in law Ali–first Shiite Imam–minority and more rigorous (Iran)

Question 17

Kaaba

Answer 17

black box with meteorite in Mecca

Question 18

Islam conquest

Answer 18

100 year takeover of Near East and Africa.
Fatimids are in Egypt
Cordoba in Spain
Abbasids–Baghdad

Question 19

Pillars of Islam

Answer 19

Ramadan-fasting
Zakat--giving
Hajj--pilgrimage to Mecca
Salat--prayer
Shahada--confession

Question 20

Donation of Constantine

Answer 20

declared part of Italy is Papal States, giving Pope secular authority–found fake news centuries later

Question 21

Merovingians

Answer 21

military-less Pope allies with them since they are orthodox, not Arian. Clovis converts and establishes Dynasty of do-nothings supported by Pope.

Question 22

Clovis (Merovingian)

Answer 22

496 baptized with 3000, hero of Christianity even though he wasn’t that great.

Question 23

Carolingians

Answer 23

751 Pepin the Short takes over Pope’s authority, since Palace Mayors are running the show, not the kings

Question 24

Donation of Pepin

Answer 24

repay Pope for being a good doge

Question 25

Charles the Magne

Answer 25

768-814 crowned xmas 800 as Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III. Series of wars–longest against Saxons. Wanted to expand Christendom, not just empire. lawgiver (capitularies–ad hoc laws). “David.” Anointed

Question 26

Mark Graf

Answer 26

border count of Charlemagne

Question 27

Missi Dominici

Answer 27

“those sent out by the lord”–agents to govern empire

Question 28

Carolingian Miniscule

Answer 28

Latin texts translated by the Carolingians–80% of texts today

Question 29

Alcuin

Answer 29

Lead dog at Charlemagne’s palace school

Question 30

Louis the Pious

Answer 30

(814-840) divides empire among children (son of Charles the Magnus)

Question 31

Treaty of Verdun IMPORTANT ITS BOLDED IN MY NOTES

Answer 31

843 divides Carolingian empire among Charlemagne’s grandchildren. Charles the Bald in France. Louis the German in, well… Lothar I thought he had it best in central territory. All ruled own territories

Question 32

Lothar’s Regnum

Answer 32

Lotharingia–French and Germans fight over Alsace-LORRAINE –still fighting 1000 years later over it. Dissolve middle within 30 years

Question 33

Strasburg Oath

Answer 33

Charles and Lious–One written in pseudo French from Latin, one written in early German

Question 34

Aachen/Aix-la-Chapelle

Answer 34

capital of Carolingian Empire

Question 35

Invaders of 9th and 10th centuries

Answer 35

vikings–naval invasion from scandinavia. mostly just pillaging some stuff (reference), were given Normandy. Some Normans go south and form Norman Kingdom in Italy. Muslims and Magyars also (from north of Danube, pushed back by Franks, came from same place as Huns. Area becomes Hungary Speak Magyar.

Question 36

Anglo-Saxon England

Answer 36

Romans withdrew from Britain when Rome was sacked
Power vacuum replaced by Saxon peoples (Wessex, Sussex, Essex)–Angles set up East Anglia, Jutes settle Kent-Canterbury
Britons and Celts–native people. During Saxon invasions, Britons leave West Saxon and go to Northern France–Brittany (King Arthur)
Alfred the Great (871-899)–English Charlemagne form Wessex, unites everything but Danelaw

Question 37

Saxon Dynasty (Germany)

Answer 37

Otto I (936-973), Otto II, Otto III