Ears & Eyes: PowerPoint & Taylor Flashcards by Jade Ring

Hyperopia

Myopia

Farsighted (see far objects better)

Nearsighted (see near objects better)

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Myopia

Hyperopia

Nearsightedness ONLY SEE CLOSE

Farsightedness ONLY SEE FAR

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______ is a common type of refractive error.

Part of your eye (either the cornea or lens) is more curved than it should be. This altered eye shape makes your vision blurry.

Treated eyeglasses or contact lenses.

Astigmatism

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Miosis =

Midryasis =

Pupillary constriction

Pupillary dilation

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Mydriasis =

Pupil dilation

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Process of maintaining a clear visual image when the gaze is shifted from a distant to near object

Accommodation

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Convergence

Ability of both eyes turn inward toward the nose at the same time

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Difference between

Exophthalmos

Enophthamos

Exophthalmos: protrusion of eyes

Enophthamos: Sunken in eyes

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Ptosis

Dropping of eyelid

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Normal size of pupils

3 - 5 mm

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Anisocoria

Noticeable difference in size of eyeballs

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Diagnostic Assessment

Access eye, bony structures and muscles.

Also to look for tumors

CT scan

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Diagnostic Assessment

Examine Orbits & Optic Nerves

Evalute Tumors

MRI

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slit lamp exam is used to look for…

cataracts & glaucoma

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Corneal Staining Test

test that uses orange dye (fluorescein) and a blue light to detect foreign bodies in the eye.

This test can also detect damage to the cornea. (Foreign Objects)

The cornea is the outer surface of the eye

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Tonometry is a diagnostic test

Measures the pressure inside the eye, also known as intraocular pressure
(IOP).

Help determine if you’re at risk of developing glaucoma

Screen for glaucoma

Measure how well glaucoma treatment is working

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Cataracts

Preop responsibility for nurse

Obtain informed consent?

Education

Medications to be avoid beforehand:

Yes, informed concent

Education: how to admin eye drops after procedure

Med his. Taking meds affext blood clotting

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Cataracts

Post-op

Abnormal

Discharge Ed.

Ab. Sig swelling, pain, brusing, Discharge

Dark glasses outdoors
Eyedrops
Follow-up appointment

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2 types glaucoma

Primary open-angle glaucoma

Primary angle-closure glaucoma

Explain differences

Primary open-angle glaucoma

Dev slowly, gradual loss of vision fields

Primary angle-closure glaucoma

Sudden onset of increased pressure. Is an Emergency

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Sclera may appear reddened and the cornea foggy in this condition

Glaucoma

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Start by tilting your head backward while sitting, standing, or lying down.

With your index finger placed on the soft spot just below the lower lid, gently pull down to form a pocket. Look up.

Squeeze one drop into the pocket in your lower lid.

True or False

True

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Types of meds for glaucoma

Prostaglandin (prost)

Reduce IOP via dilation of blood vessles

Nursing considerations.

Admin as prescribed

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Beta-Adrengic Blockers (lol)

Reduce IOP LIMITS producción of aqueous humor and dilating pupil

Nursing Considerations:

Check pulse (Low HR & BP) concern & Glucose

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Cholinergric agonist

Reduce IOP by limiting production of Aqueous Humor

Nursing considerations:

Report increase salvation

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Trabeculectomy is used to treat... How....

Glaucoma Creates a drainage pathway in the eye

Leading cause of blindness in adults of 65 Deterioration of central vision

Macular degeneration

Onset is sudden and painless Bright flashes Floaters Shadow side vision

Retinal Detachment

Pre & Post Op Eye patch is given for this problem Post Op. Avoid increased IOP No bending / lifting Blowing nose, sneeze, cough Head in dependent posistion Face-Down Recovery posistion No work that requires close vision

Detached retina

How do the field of view differ Retinal Detachment Macular degeneration Open-angle glaucoma

Retinal Detachment Cant see Corner field of vision Macular degeneration Cant see center field of vision Open-angle glaucoma Only see center field of vision

Corneal ______ Deeper injury caused by infection leads to emergency due to blood supply being impaired ro the eye

Corneal Ulceration

Questions to ask for retinal Detachment

Have you had cataract or lazer eye surgery?

Which pitch is the first to not hear in Elderly (Low / High)

High F, S,SH, PA sounds first to go

Conductive vs Sensorineural hearing loss Causes Cerumen Foreign body Perforación of tympanic membrane Infection external or middle ear Prolonged noise exposure Presbycusis Ototoxic Substances Meniere Disease Diabetes Mellitus

Conductive Cerumen Foreign body Perforación of tympanic membrane Infection external or middlle Sensorineural Prolonged noise exposure Presbycusis Ototoxic Substances Meniere Disease Diabetes Mellitus Presbycusis = bilateral age-related hearing loss Meniere's disease A disease of the inner ear that can cause a person to get dizzy and have trouble hearing often affects only one ear. Its exact cause isn't known. But a buildup of fluid in the inner ear seems to set off the symptoms. Most often it begins between the ages of 40 and 60.

Speaking softly Hearing best in noisy environment Evidence of obstruction Conductive or Sensorineural

Conductive

Assessment Findings Tinnitus (Ear Ringing) common Occasional Dizziness Speaking Loudly Hearing poor in loud environment Normal appearance of external ear canal Conductive or Sensorineural

Sensorineural

Rinne: Tuning fork struck, placed on mastoid and infront of ears. Normal findings Abnormal findings indicate (This type of hearing loss) Postive Rinne (Good or Bad)

Normal: Air conduction 2x long as bone conduction Ab: Bone conduction longer than air. CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS Positive = Good (Normal Findings)

Weber test: Tuning fork struck and placed on head Normal findings Abnormal (Type of hearing loss) Postive Result (Good or Bad)

Normal: Both sides are heard evenly positive Weber Sensorineural hearing loss : Sound is heard louder on the side of the intact ear. Conductive hearing loss : Sound is heard louder on the side of the affected ear. Normal Weber test: Sound is heard equally in both ears.

S/ S Vértigo Tinnitus Hearing loss Causes Exact cause unknown Endolymph build-up, increased pressure, inner ear

Meniere Disease

Proprioception

Sense of body position, force, and movement. Awareness of body position, and it helps us understand where our body parts are in space

_______ is a network of nerves in the brain stem that helps regulate wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions. Filters out unnecessary noise that can interfere with message processing during sleep. Filter between the conscious and subconscious mind, filtering out millions of pieces of data per second. Only allows what is important and of interest to be brought into awareness

The reticular activating system (RAS)

Stereognosis is ...

the ability to identify and recognize the shape and form of an object by using touch

This process happens when we get used to certain obnoxious stimulus

Adaption

Sensory Poverty....

Seeing images on a computer screen but not experiencing them in real life.

Presbycusis is...

Loss in high frequency hearing Associated with aging Gradual onset, progressive, bilateral

Ototoxic drugs includ

Furosemide, some chemotherapy, and aspirin

Which type of hearing loss is usually correctable

Conductive. Wax, foriegn object, infection Sensorineural: inner ear problem usually gets worse

Patient at risk for sensory Deprivation due to limited physical activity related to RA. Which interventions would be recommended A. Use low tone when talking to patient B. Provide interaction with children and pets C. Decrease environmental noise D. Ensure paitent eats with other members E. Discourage use of sedatives F. Provide adequate light and clear pathways

B,D,E lower tone appropriate for hearing loss Decrease environmental noise appropriate for sensory overload Provide adequate lighting appropriate for Vision Problems

Assessment for Kinesthetic & Visceral disturbances. select all A. Ask if bored, if so, why? B. Ask if anything interferes with functionality of their senses C. Ask any changes in way they precieve their body D. Ask, if they find it difficult to express themselves verbally E. If patient withdraws from being touched F. Nurse notes if patient seems unsure of his body parts of posistion

C,E,F

11 year olds grades have dropped, difficultly finishing homework, rubs eyes/ squints, Snellin chart vision 160 / 20 . Which alteration would the nurse document A. Self-care dedicit B. Altered Role Performance (Student) C. Distrubed body image D. Delayed growth and development

B. The term Role is referring to her Role in life. Altered performance means she is doing poorly

Group home of mildly / moderate visually & auditory Impairments What is the nurses Priority A. Maintaining safety and prevention of sensory deterioration B. Insisting on participation from all members in activities C. Emphasize and reinforce individual strengths D. Encourage reminiscence and life review in groups

A. Safty is always the priority

When caring for a patient with glaucoma A. Assist to ambulate by walking behind then grasping their arm. B. Concentrate on their sense of site and limit diversions of other senses C. Stay outside POV when preforming personal hygine D. Indicate when the conversation is over and when the nurse is leaving the room.

D. When assisting with ambulation walk slightly ahead allowing patient to grasp onto hand. Nurse should provide Not Limit, diversions using other sense

Short eyes (hyperopia/myopia) Long eyes (hyperopia/myopia)

Short hyperopia farsighted ONLY SEE FAR long myopia Nearsighted ONLY SEE CLOSE

Do scleara normally yellow with age?

Yes

Pupils have trouble constricting with age. True or False

False they have trouble dilation

CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL vs ADPIE Assessment

Recognize Cues

CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL vs ADPIE Diagnosis/ Analysis (2)

Analyze Cues Prioritize Hypothesis

CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL vs ADPIE Planning

Generate Solutions

CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL vs ADPIE Implementation

Take action

CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL vs ADPIE Evaluation

Evaluate outcomes

_____patients often experience vision loss in the peripheral vision This is often described as Tunnel vision or looking through a straw

Glaucoma

Exophthalmos is a problem with this gland

Thyroid

What is the name of the color blind test

Ishihara

___ is used to find a tumor ___ is used to get details on tumor

CT MRI

Normal tonoity range

10 - 20

Corticosteroids can cause these 2 eye problems

Cataracts/ Glaucoma

This disease can cause a decreased blood flow to all areas (including eyes and ears)

Diabetes

Which is the only eye condition that is painful

Acute close glaucoma

Is Itching normal after cataract surgery

Yes, no need to call dr

Normal IOP Is a balance between production and out flow of....

Aqueous humor

IOP presses on _____ which can cause blindness

Optic nerve

Gradual loss of peripheral vision that progresses to tunnel vision This disease

Open angle glaucoma

What is the cure for macular degeneration

No cure, manage symptoms

Sclera Buckling and Gas Bubble are used to correct this problem

Retinal Detachment

This procedure requires the use of an eye patch both pre and post opp

Retinal Detachment

Facedown recovery posistion is used after surgery for this eye problem

Retinal Detachment

Examines the anterior eye structure for problems with Lens, Cornea, Vitreous Humor

Slit-Lamp

Paitent History Diabetes or HTN Recent Surgery to eye Traum to eye

Glaucoma

Non-surgical management includes (eyedrops) Prostaglandin agonit Beta-Adrenergic Cholinergic agonis (This eye disease)

Glaucoma

Macular Degeneration is a disorder or this part of the eye

Retina

Causes: Cataract or Lazer surgery Manifestaciones Onset: Sudden & Painless Bright flashes of light seen FLOATERS POV: Curtain Closing near end stage

Retinal Detachment

Scleral Buckling & Gas Bubble Used to fix problem Post Op. Eye Patch Restrictions to avoid increasing IOP Face-Down Recovery posistion

Retinal Detachment

Presbycusis is....

gradual, symmetrical loss of hearing that occurs over many years. It's also known as age-related hearing loss. The word presbycusis literally means "old hearing" or "elder hearing

Risk factors for Glaucoma

Age Family History Ethnicity Diabetes/ HTN Eye injuries Corticosteroids use

Visiion changes with open angle glaucoma

Peripheral vision loss Blurred or hazy vision Dificultad adjust to darkness Halos around lights Dificultad focus on close objects

Interventions for glaucoma Least to most invasive

Eye drops Oral meds Lazer therapy Surgical (Trabeculectomy)

Symptoms of cataracts

Cloudy vision Lights too bright / Halo Double vision Increased near sightedness

Ears & Eyes: PowerPoint & Taylor Flashcards

(86 cards)